Marsaglia v. Univ. of Texas

• Decision Date: 26 August 1999
• Docket Number: No. 08-98-00271-CV,08-98-00271-CV
• Citation: 22 S.W.3d 1
• Parties: (Tex.App.-El Paso 1999) DR. KATHLEEN M. MARSAGLIA, Appellant, v. THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS, EL PASO AND THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SYSTEM, Appellees
• Court: Texas Court of Appeals

Page 1

22 S.W.3d 1 (Tex.App.-El Paso 1999)

DR. KATHLEEN M. MARSAGLIA, Appellant, v. THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS, EL PASO AND THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SYSTEM, Appellees.

No. 08-98-00271-CV

COURT OF APPEALS EIGHTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS EL PASO, TEXAS

August 26, 1999

Appeal from the County Court at Law No. Four of El Paso County, Texas (TC# 96-2914) Before Panel No. 2 BARAJAS, C.J., McCLURE, and CHEW, JJ.

O P I N I O N

RICHARD BARAJAS, Chief Justice.

This is an appeal from a summary judgment granted in favor of Appellees. For the reasons stated below, we affirm.

I. SUMMARY OF THE EVIDENCE

Appellant, Dr. Kathleen Marsaglia, was hired at the University of Texas, El Paso, ("UTEP") in 1989 as a tenure track professor in the Department of Geology. Appellant received "Excellent" and/or "Outstanding" faculty evaluation ratings for the years 1989-1994. Appellant's tenure application was considered beginning in 1995. Despite recommendations by the Geology Department that Appellant be offered tenure by a vote of eight to two, a positive recommendation by the Dean of the College of Science, and unanimous approval by the College of Science Committee, Appellant was not offered tenure.

During her time at UTEP, Appellant claims she witnessed sexually harassing conduct involving Dr. Nick Pingitore, a tenured professor in the Geology Department. Appellant complained to Dr. G. Randy Keller, Chairman of the Geology Department, and informed Dr. Pingitore that she opposed his actions. In September 1995, Appellant filed a charge of discrimination with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ("EEOC") and the Texas Commission on Human Rights, ("TCHR") indicating that she had been subjected to unwelcome sexual harassment, a hostile work environment, and retaliation due to the prior reports of such conduct. After filing with the EEOC, Appellant was denied an appeal for the denial of tenure decision.

On June 6, 1996, after an investigation, the TCHR issued a Notice of Right to File a Civil Action. In August, 1996, Appellant filed suit alleging retaliation, sexual harassment, hostile work environment conspiracy, tortious interference, intentional infliction of emotional distress. Appellees filed their first Motion for Summary Judgment on November 13, 1996, alleging that Appellant's claims of sexual harassment had not been reported to anyone in authority at UTEP until after the decision that she not be recommended for tenure was made, that Appellant had no property interest in achieving tenure and cannot challenge UTEP's decision not to offer her tenure in court, and that the remainder of Appellant's claims were barred by the sovereign immunity of the state. On June 30, 1997, Appellant filed her First Amended Original Petition, omitting the cause of action for tortious interference and adding a claim for breach of contract. Appellees then filed an amended answer and a plea to the jurisdiction, contending Appellant's claims for breach of contract, conspiracy, and intentional infliction of emotional distress were barred by sovereign immunity. Appellees also specially excepted to Appellant's claim for punitive damages. A hearing was held July 8, 1997.

On September 29, 1997, the trial court entered an order granting summary judgment for Appellees as to Appellant's cause of action concerning the existence of a sexually hostile work environment, granting Appellees' plea to the jurisdiction as to the breach of contract, conspiracy, and intentional infliction of emotional distress claims, and sustaining Appellees' special exception concerning punitive damages. On November 14, 1997, Appellees filed their Third Motion for Summary Judgment, alleging that Appellant could not prove a prima facie case for retaliation and seeking to dismiss the two retaliation claims. After a hearing, the trial court granted Appellees' Third Motion for Summary Judgment. This appeal follows.

II. DISCUSSION

Appellant presents one issue on appeal: the trial court erred in granting Appellees' Third Motion for Summary Judgment. We begin with a discussion of the standard of review.

A. No-Evidence Summary Judgment Standard of Review

Under the "no-evidence summary judgment" rule, the movant may move for summary judgment if, after adequate time for discovery, there is no evidence of one or more essential elements of a claim or defense on which the nonmovant would have the burden of proof at trial. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(i). The motion must state the elements as to which there is no evidence. See id. The reviewing court must grant the motion unless the nonmovant produces summary judgment evidence raising a genuine issue of material fact. See id. Under the no evidence summary judgment standard, the party with the burden of proof at trial will have the same burden of proof in a summary judgment proceeding. See, e.g., Esco Oil & Gas, Inc. v. Sooner Pipe & Supply Corp., 962 S.W.2d 193, 197 n.3 (Tex. App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 1998, pet. denied) (commenting that under Rule 166a(i) "the plaintiff as the nonmovant [has] the burden to raise a triable issue on each element essential to the plaintiff's case against each defendant.").

Two recent opinions issued by the San Antonio Court of Appeals state the applicable standard of review for no-evidence summary judgments: "'A no-evidence summary judgment is essentially a pretrial directed verdict,' and we apply the same legal sufficiency standard in reviewing a no-evidence summary judgment as we apply in reviewing a directed verdict." Taylor-Made Hose, Inc. v. Wilkerson, No. 04-97-01025-CV, 1999 WL 90021, at *2 (Tex. App.--San Antonio, February 24, 1999, no pet. h.) (op. on reh'g) (quoting Moore v. K Mart Corp., 981 S.W.2d 266, 269 (Tex. App.--San Antonio1998, pet. denied)); see also Hon. David Hittner & Lynne Liberato, Summary Judgments in Texas, 34 Hous. L. Rev. 1303, 1356 (1998) (no evidence summary judgment is essentially pretrial directed verdict).

A no-evidence summary judgment is properly granted if the nonmovant fails to bring forth more than a scintilla of probative evidence to raise a genuine issue of material fact as to an essential element of the nonmovant's claim on which the nonmovant would have the burden of proof at trial. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(i); Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. v. Havner, 953 S.W.2d 706, 711 (Tex. 1997), cert. denied, --- U.S. ---, 118 S.Ct. 1799, 140 L.Ed.2d 939 (1998). If the evidence supporting a finding rises to a level that would enable reasonable, fair-minded persons to differ in their conclusions, then more than a scintilla of evidence exists. Havner, 953 S.W.2d at 711. Less than a scintilla of evidence exists when the evidence is "so weak as to do no more than create a mere surmise or suspicion" of a fact, and the legal effect is that there is no evidence. Kindred v. Con/Chem, Inc., 650 S.W.2d 61, 63 (Tex. 1983); Taylor-Made, 1999 WL 90021, at *2.

B. The No-Evidence Summary Judgment Motion and Response

In their Third Motion for Summary Judgment, Appellees alleged there was no evidence to support Appellant's causes of action for retaliation. In order to establish a prima facie case of retaliation, Appellant was required to prove (1) she engaged in a protected activity, (2) the University took an adverse employment action against her,...