Martin v. Michael

• Decision Date: 31 March 1856
• Citation: 23 Mo. 50
• Parties: MARTIN AND OTHERS, Appellants, v. MICHAEL AND OTHERS, Respondents.
• Court: Missouri Supreme Court

23 Mo. 50

MARTIN AND OTHERS, Appellants,

v.MICHAEL AND OTHERS, Respondents.

Supreme Court of Missouri.

March Term, 1856.

1. A creditor at large, who has commenced suit by attachment for his debt, but has not obtained judgment therefor, is not entitled to invoke the equitable interference of the courts to annul judgments fraudulently confessed by his debtor in favor of other persons, or to restrain by injunction the disposal of the debtor's property through the means of executions issued on such confessed judgments.

Appeal from St. Louis Court of Common Pleas.

Application for an injunction and restraining order. The petition alleges that the plaintiffs, Wm. R. Martin and Charles G. Martin, are partners, composing the firm of Martin & Brother. The other plaintiffs compose three other firms, under different styles, all of which are set out in the petition.

The petition further alleges that on the 12th day of August, 1854, said Wm. R. and Charles G. Martin instituted suit, by attachment, against the defendants, Samuel and Isaac Michael, who composed the firm of S. & I. Michael, to recover a debt due from said S. & I. Michael to said Martin & Bro.; that afterwards, on the same day and a few days subsequently, other attachment suits were commenced by other of the plaintiffs against said S. & I. Michael, to recover debts due from the latter to the firms which they composed respectively; that on the 11th day of August, 1854, the said Samuel and Isaac Michael confessed judgments for different amounts in favor of each of their co-defendants, excepting defendant Wimer; that on the same day, executions were issued upon said judgments, placed in the hands of said defendant, Wimer, who was then sheriff of St. Louis county, and by him levied upon goods, wares and merchandise belonging to the said S. & I. Michael; that the said writs of attachment were levied by the sheriff, as they came to his hands respectively, upon the same goods, wares and merchandise which had been seized under said executions; due service of the summons having been made in each case upon said Samuel and Isaac Michael; that said goods, wares and merchandise were all the property said Samuel and Isaac Michael owned; that the sheriff had (previous to the filing of this petition) advertised and sold the same, and at the time of the filing of this petition had the proceeds of said sales in his hands.

The amount of the several executions largely exceeded the amount of the proceeds of said sales in the hands of the sheriff.

The petition further alleges that on the 11th day of August, 1854, the said Samuel & Isaac Michael also executed and delivered to the defendants, Henry N. Hart and Joseph Jecko, a deed of assignment, purporting to be a general assignment for the benefit of the creditors of said S. & I. Michael, but which was never assented to by plaintiffs; nor did any thing pass to said assignees by operation of said deed, inasmuch as the whole of the property of said S. & I. Michael had been previously seized by said sheriff under said executions.

The petition then states that said confessions of judgments were voluntary, without consideration, fraudulent, and contrived by said S. & I. Michael and their co-defendants (except said Wimer) colluding together with the fraudulent intent of hindering and delaying their creditors, and of enabling said S. & I. Michael to obtain ready money by means of said sales under said executions, in fraud of the bona fide creditors of said S. & I. Michael; that said assignment was also made with the fraudulent intent of blinding and deceiving the bona fide creditors of said S. & I. Michael; that the plaintiffs are bona fide creditors of said S. & I. Michael; that in the matters aforesaid said defendant, Wimer, acted in obedience to the process in his hands and the directions of his co-defendants; that said Wimer still has the proceeds of said sales in his hands, and that said S. & I. Michael are wholly insolvent, and have no property or effects upon which execution or attachment could be levied, excepting said proceeds of said sales.

The plaintiffs allege that they are remediless unless the said moneys in said sheriff's hands can be applied to said debts due them as aforesaid, and pray that said confessions of judgment may be annulled, said executions quashed, and that the defendants be restrained from collecting and the sheriff from paying over said proceeds of said sales to his co-defendants, or either of them, and for general relief.

Upon this petition, a temporary injunction issued in conformity with the prayer of plaintiffs.

To this petition (the substance of which is set forth above) defendants demurred. James Michael, one of defendants, demurred on the following grounds: “1st. The petition does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action, or to entitle plaintiffs to the judgment or relief prayed therein against this defendant; 2d. The plaintiffs can not lawfully maintain this suit jointly against this defendant; 3d. The plaintiffs can not lawfully maintain this suit against the defendants jointly; 4th. There is a misjoinder of parties plaintiff; 5th. There is a misjoinder of parties defendant; 6th. The plaintiffs have no joint interest in the subject matter of the suit; 7th. The defendants have no joint interest in the subject matter of the suit; 8th. Plaintiffs are not lawfully entitled to have the said judgment in favor of this defendant or the executions thereon annulled, vacated or set aside; 9th. The court can not lawfully control the said funds in the hands of defendant, Wimer, as prayed in the petition.”

The other defendants filed a joint demurrer, assigning the same causes of demurrer. The court sustained said demurrers and dismissed the petition. Plaintiffs appealed.

Krum & Harding, Biddlecome and B. A. Hill, for appellants.

I. As to the joinder of plaintiffs, the demurrer was not well taken. The general rule in equity is, that all parties who are interested in the subject and object of the suit, may be joined as plaintiffs. (Adams Eq. 314.) The subject of the suit in this case is the property of the debtors, and the object of it is to prevent a fraudulent disposition of it. This view is aided by the practice act of 1849, art. 3, sec. 5. As to multifariousness, see Oliver v. Piatt (3 How. U. S. 411).

II. As to the joinder of defendants, the demurrer is not well taken; for, though the sheriff is not implicated in the fraud, yet he is a necessary party, as being the custodian of the party and the innocent instrument of his co-defendants in carrying out the fraudulent act which they are charged with having combined to commit. The combination charged is sufficient to authorize the joinder of the latter.

III. The petition shows that the plaintiffs are severally creditors of S. & I. Michael, two of the defendants. The plaintiffs severally sued out attachments which were levied upon the property in question. This property is alleged to be all that S. & I. Michael possess; that they are insolvent, and that the defendants have combined together to make such...