Mason v. Owens-Illinois, Inc.

• Decision Date: 10 June 1975
• Docket Number: OWENS-ILLINOI,INC,No. 74-1770,74-1770
• Citation: 517 F.2d 520
• Parties: 11 Fair Empl.Prac.Cas. 443, 29 A.L.R.Fed. 705, 9 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 10,198 Roger H. MASON, Plaintiff-Appellant, v., Defendant-Appellee.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Sixth Circuit

Page 520

517 F.2d 520

11 Fair Empl.Prac.Cas. 443, 29 A.L.R.Fed. 705,

9 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 10,198

Roger H. MASON, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. OWENS-ILLINOIS, INC., Defendant-Appellee.

No. 74-1770.

United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit.

June 10, 1975.

William T. Johnson, Columbus, Ohio, for plaintiff-appellant.

Lester S. Lash, Vorys, Sater, Seymour & Pease, Robert F. Weaver, Jr., Columbus, Ohio, for defendant-appellee.

Before MILLER and ENGEL, Circuit Judges, and CECIL, Senior Circuit Judge.

ENGEL, Circuit Judge.

In this appeal we are called upon to decide the question of which Ohio statute of limitations should be applied to an action brought under 42 U.S.C. § 1981 wherein plaintiff Roger H. Mason alleged racial discrimination in the employment practices of defendant, Owens-Illinois, Inc. The district court dismissed Mason's § 1981 cause of action presumably because it was barred by the applicable Ohio statute of limitations. ¹ We reverse.

Congress did not specifically incorporate a statute of limitations into § 1981. Both parties agree, however, that the federal district court must apply the statute of limitations of the state where it sits which would be applicable in the most closely analogous state action to determine the time within which the cause of action must be commenced. 28 U.S.C. § 1652, O'Sullivan v. Felix, 233 U.S. 318, 34 S.Ct. 596, 58 L.Ed. 980 (1914), Garner v. Stephens, 460 F.2d 1144 (6th Cir. 1972), Madison v. Wood, 410 F.2d 564 (6th Cir. 1969), Franks v. Bowman Transportation Company, 495 F.2d 398 (5th Cir. 1974).

Mason's complaint, filed in the district court on November 3, 1972, alleged that for sixteen years he had been employed by Owens-Illinois until his discharge in August, 1970. He alleged further that the company unlawfully discriminated against him ". . . solely because of his race in refusing to promote him to journeyman's status and rate in the same fashion as it had promoted white employees, and in wrongfully discharging plaintiff." He claimed this conduct violated 42 U.S.C. § 1981 which provides:

All persons within the jurisdiction of the United States shall have the same right in every State and Territory to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, give evidence, and to the full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of persons and property as is enjoyed by white citizens, and shall be subject to like punishment, pains, penalties, taxes, licenses, and exactions of every kind, and to no other.

Mason sought reinstatement as an employee of Owens-Illinois, compensatory damages of $30,000 and punitive damages of $50,000.

Owens-Illinois urges that the statute of limitations applicable to the most analogous cause of action under Ohio law is the one year limitation contained in the Ohio Civil Rights Act, O.R.C. § 4112.05(B). ² Mason, on the other hand, urges that since his cause of action under § 1981 is an action ". . . upon a liability created by statute . . .", O.R.C. § 2305.07 should apply. That section provides:

Except as provided in section 1302.98 of the Revised Code, an action upon a contract not in writing, express or implied, or upon a liability created by statute other than a forfeiture or penalty, shall be brought within six years after the cause thereof accrued. ³

In Garner v. Stephens, supra, this court was asked to determine which Kentucky statute of limitations was to be applied to an action brought in the federal court in that state under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. The defendants in Garner argued that the court should apply the 90 day period of limitations for filing a complaint with the Kentucky Civil Rights Commission contained in K.R.S. § 344.200. In rejecting this contention, Judge Kent observed:

"We find this statute inapplicable since by its terms it does not apply to actions commenced in the Courts." Garner v. Stephens, supra, at 1148.

Instead, the court found most appropriate Kentucky's five-year statute of limitations applicable to "An action upon a liability created by statute . . ." K.R.S. § 413.120(2).

The same considerations lead us to conclude that the most appropriate statute of limitations is O.R.C. § 2305.07. Contrary to the contentions of Owens- Illinois, we find no distinction of substance between the circumstances in Garner and those here. The Ohio Civil Rights Act sets up an administrative, as contrasted to a judicial, procedure. Section 4112.05(B) contains two relatively short periods of limitations: a six months period in which charges can be filed by the injured party with the Commission after the alleged discriminatory conduct has occurred, and a one year period after the alleged unlawful discriminatory practices in which the Commission may file a formal complaint. This one year period, urged here by Owens-Illinois, applies only to action taken by the Ohio Civil Rights Commission itself, and hardly seems applicable to an action under § 1981 by a private litigant.

An examination of cases in other circuits reveals a reluctance by courts to apply the shorter period of limitations customarily provided by state law for filing administrative complaints to actions brought under § 1981. In Waters v. Wisconsin Steel Wks. of Internat'l. Harvester Co., 427 F.2d 476 (7th Cir. 1970), defendant sought to have applied the 120-day filing period for a discrimination claim under the Illinois Fair Employment Practices Act, Ill.Rev.Stat. Ch. 48 § 851 et seq. (1967), to plaintiff's action brought under § 1981. We find persuasive here the reasons given by the Seventh Circuit in rejecting that limitations period:

We are not convinced that the Illinois F.E.P.A. is the most analogous state action under these provisions. The Illinois act provides only for an administrative remedy and review of the F.E.P.C.'s findings in the state courts. Different considerations obviously apply to suits by private litigants in cou...