McMillen v. Southern Pac. Co.

• Decision Date: 26 November 1956
• Citation: 146 Cal.App.2d 216,303 P.2d 788
• Court: California Court of Appeals Court of Appeals
• Parties: Claire Porter McMILLEN, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. SOUTHERN PACIFIC COMPANY, Defendant and Respondent. Civ. 16886.

Page 788

303 P.2d 788

146 Cal.App.2d 216

Claire Porter McMILLEN, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. SOUTHERN PACIFIC COMPANY, Defendant and Respondent.

Civ. 16886.

District Court of Appeal, First District, Division 1, California.

Nov. 26, 1956.

Rehearing Denied Dec. 26, 1956.

Hearing Denied Jan. 23, 1957.

Wexler & Wexler, Millbrae, for appellant.

Ropers & Majeski, Redwood City, for respondent.

AGEE, Justice pro tem.

Plaintiff appeals following an adverse jury verdict in a personal injury action, contending that the evidence is insufficient to sustain the verdict and that the trial court erroneously instructed the jury.

On November 22, 1950, at 6 p. m., appellant boarded respondent's train at San Francisco as a paying passenger. She injured her back while getting off the train at Millbrae. Appellant was the only witness as to what happened. Her version is as follows: 'Q. Now, was there anyone else on that coach ready to disembark at the time you were standing on the top platform? A. There was a man on the bottom step, waiting for the train to stop, and I was on the platform--of the coach--on the platform. Q. Now, did the train come to a stop? A. It came to a complete stop. Q. Tell us what happened from that point on. A. Well, then the man on the bottom step got off and I started to go down the steps, and I had some bundles in my left arm and I was holding on with my right hand and, as I stepped, started to step from the step below the platform to the next step, the train jolted and it just jolted me off my feet and I lost my handgrip and I just went right out of the train; I landed with my feet on the pavement and my back against the step.' Appellant estimated that the train had been stopped for 'five or six seconds' before the jolt occurred.

Appellant states her first contention as follows: 'The uncontradicted evidence of the appellant is to the effect that while she was a paying passenger on the respondent's train and while she was in the act of descending the steps of the respondent's train after the train had stopped, that the train suddenly and severely jolted and jerked, throwing the appellant down the steps of the train and thereby severely injuring the appellant. There is no evidence in the record to impeach or contradict this testimony.' (Emphasis ours.) Appellant's contention, in effect, is that the jury was required to accept her story as a matter of law. We do not agree. As stated in Blank v. Coffin, 20 Cal.2d 457, 464, 126 P.2d 868, 870: 'The jury, however, is the sole judge of the credibility of the witnesses [citing authorities] and is free to disbelieve them even though they are uncontradicted if there is any rational ground for doing so. * * * There are many reasons why a jury may refuse to believe a witness. * * * In passing on the credibility of a witness, the jury is entitled to consider his interest in the result of the case.' As the court points out, even the manner in which the witness testifies may be considered.

There are many things which may have caused the jury to disbelieve appellant. She did not report the accident to respondent until over six weeks later and then it was through her attorney, whom she first consulted on January 8 or 9. The jury could have inferred that her reason for so doing was that she had not, up until that time, considered that respondent was to blame for her fall. Respondent was a daily commuter and the train was a commuters' train. If the accident had been investigated soon after it is alleged to have occurred, it is quite likely that fellow commuters would have been able to say whether the train had or had not jolted or jerked at the time and place in question. The jury had a right to consider also the many conflicts between respondent's testimony and that of her medical witnesses as to the extent and nature of her injuries. There was a considerable variance. Even though this testimony does not directly concern the issue of liability, it may be considered by the jury in determining respondent's credibility. In Nelson v. Black, 43 Cal.2d 612, at page 613, 275 P.2d 473, the Supreme Court said: 'From the conflicts in his own testimony and with other evidence in regard to the nature of the medical treatment he received, the extent and duration of his asserted disability, and his physical condition prior to the accident, the jury reasonably could have concluded that he testified falsely concerning those matters. Having so determined, it could have disregarded his entire testimony'. (Emphasis added.) It may be pointed out, also, that appellant's account of the train's movement is difficult to believe unless it can be concluded that, for some unexplained reason, the engineer, after bringing the train to a complete stop, decided to start forward or backward and again stop, this time abruptly. There was no testimony that the original stop at Millbrae had been abrupt or unusual. The 'jolt' occurred 'five or six seconds' after the train had came to a complete stop, according to appellant. However, the engineer testified, without objection, to his usual method of operating the train and described how, after he has brought it to a stop, he sets the engine brake which holds the train in a stopped position. He then looks back for a proceed signal which a brakeman gives him after all the passengers have detrained. He keeps his hand on the brake until the signal is given. If this method was followed at the time in question, the 'jolt' described by appellant could not have happened.

Respondent called the five members of the train crew and they all testified that they could not recall any jolting or jerking. This was negative testimony from which the jury could have inferred that, if there had been this unusual movement of the train, they would have been able to recall it. Scott v. City 8 County of San Francisco, 91 Cal.App.2d 887, 888-889, 206 P.2d 45; White v. Los Angeles Ry. Corp., 73 Cal.App.2d 720, 167 P.2d 530; Ostertag v. Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp., 65 Cal.App.2d 795, 800, 151 P.2d 647.

The burden was upon appellant to establish the facts necessary to bring into play the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur. Steele v. Pacific Electric Ry. Co., 168 Cal. 375, 378-379, 143 P. 718. Whether or not the alleged 'jolt' or 'jerk' occurred was one of these facts. The jury was not required as a matter of law to accept appellant's story. It reasonably could have found that appellant had failed to sustain the burden of proof required of her and that, therefore, the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur did not come into play. There would then have been no inference of negligence to rebut.

Assuming, however, that the jury found that the alleged severe 'jolt' or 'jerk' occurred, then the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur is applicable and an inference arises that it was caused by the respondent's negligence. In addition to the defense that it had used the utmost care and diligence for appellant's safe carriage, respondent also had available the defense of appellant's contributory negligence if there was sufficient evidence to support it. Appellant does not dispute this as an abstract proposition but contends that there is not sufficient evidence in the instant case upon which a finding of contributory negligence could have been made. Therefore, appellant argues, the trial court erred when it instructed on contributory negligence. We do not agree.

Appellant testified that, as she was starting to descend the steps, she was holding some bundles in her left arm but was holding with her right hand onto the hand railing. It was dark at the time. It would appear that, under the circumstances, the jury could have found that the exercise of ordinary care required that appellant use the hand rail. However, her physician testified, reading from his notes, that she made the following statement to him shortly after the accident: 'while stepping down, the train jerked, causing her to fall across the steps, hitting the mid-section of the upper back across the steps. She broke part of her fall by grabbing hold of a railing on the side of the steps.' (Emphasis added.) From this, the jury could have inferred that she did not have a hold on the hand rail at the time of the alleged jolt but only attempted to gain one after she had started to fall. From such inference, the jury could reasonably have concluded that she did not exercise ordinary care for her own safety and that this was one of the proximate causes of her fall. Accordingly, it was proper to instruct the jury on the issue of contributory negligence....