Meadows v. State of Ind.

• Decision Date: 23 August 1988
• Docket Number: No. 87-2212,87-2212
• Citation: 854 F.2d 1068
• Parties: Robert E. MEADOWS and Cecil Smith, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. The STATE OF INDIANA, et al., Defendants-Appellees. Seventh Circuit
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Seventh Circuit

Page 1068

854 F.2d 1068

Robert E. MEADOWS and Cecil Smith, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. The STATE OF INDIANA, et al., Defendants-Appellees.

No. 87-2212.

United States Court of Appeals,Seventh Circuit.

Argued April 14, 1988.

Decided Aug. 23, 1988.

Stuart T. Bench, Indianapolis, Ind., for plaintiffs-appellants.

Kermit R. Hilles, Deputy Atty. Gen., Indianapolis, Ind., for defendants-appellees.

Before WOOD, Jr., COFFEY and EASTERBROOK, Circuit Judges.

HARLINGTON WOOD, Jr., Circuit Judge.

Plaintiffs Colonel Robert E. Meadows and Chief Warrant Officer Cecil Smith, two former members of the Indiana National Guard, filed this action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1983, claiming that the defendants deprived them of property and liberty interests without due process of law in violation of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution. The defendants are the State of Indiana; Robert Orr, Governor of the State of Indiana and Commander in Chief of the Indiana National Guard; the Indiana National Guard; and Major General Alfred Ahner, Adjutant General and Commander of the Indiana National Guard.

The district court found jurisdiction and resolved the case on its merits, granting summary judgment in favor of the defendants. In the district court, the defendants moved that the court dismiss the plaintiffs' complaint, or in the alternative grant summary judgment for the defendants, on the basis that the suit was barred by the Eleventh Amendment. The district court did not rule on the Eleventh Amendment defense. We find, however, that the Eleventh Amendment bars this suit and therefore we do not reach the merits.

We need only briefly review the underlying facts. Each of the plaintiffs had been ordered to full-time active duty with the Indiana National Guard for a period of two years. Before their respective two-year terms had expired, Major General Ahner, upon receipt of allegations of misconduct concerning both plaintiffs, appointed a board of officers to investigate the allegations and to recommend appropriate action. The board, after conducting hearings at which each plaintiff was represented by counsel, concluded and recommended that the plaintiffs be relieved of further active duty and their membership be terminated in the Indiana National Guard. Major General Ahner responded by releasing the plaintiffs from full-time active duty, allowing them to remain members of the Indiana National Guard on a part-time status. At about the same time, a Selective Retention Board was formed under Guard regulations to consider the retention value of 165 officers and warrant officers with the rank of colonel or below who had twenty years of qualified service for retirement pay. Ten officers, including the plaintiffs, were not recommended for retention and were given honorable discharges and transferred into the United States Army Reserve Control Group.

The plaintiffs then applied to the Army Board for Correction of Military Records. That board found that, at the time of their forced discharges, the plaintiffs were under federal control and thus were not subject to release by state authorities. The board voided the plaintiffs' release from active duty, corrected the plaintiffs' records to show that each had completed his two-year term of duty, and awarded each plaintiff full back pay for that period. In their section 1983 action, the plaintiffs each seek compensatory damages and $600,000 in punitive damages, in addition to various forms of retroactive relief.

The federal courts do not have jurisdiction over this case by reason of the Eleventh Amendment. That amendment ¹ expressly bars suits against state governments by citizens of other states or foreign nationals. ² The Supreme Court has interpreted the Eleventh Amendment to bar suits as well by citizens against their own state government. Hans v. Louisiana, 134 U.S. 1, 10 S.Ct. 504, 33 L.Ed. 842 (1890). Thus, the Eleventh Amendment is applicable to the plaintiffs even though both are residents of Indiana and not another state.

The jurisdictional bar of the Eleventh Amendment also encompasses all of the defendants. The amendment specifically bars official-capacity suits against state officials because the state is the real party in interest in such suits. Edelman v. Jordan, 415 U.S. 651, 663, 94 S.Ct. 1347, 1355, 39 L.Ed.2d 662 (1974). In opposing the defendants' motion before the district court asserting their Eleventh Amendment defense, the plaintiffs raised the question of whether Governor Orr and Major General Ahner were immune from suit in their personal capacities. The amended complaint does not clearly indicate whether those officials are being sued in their personal or official capacities. We have held that "where a complaint alleges that the conduct of a public...