Meeks By and Through Meeks v. Thompson Tractor Co.

• Decision Date: 31 May 1996
• Citation: 686 So.2d 1213
• Court: Alabama Court of Civil Appeals
• Parties: Amanda Anne MEEKS and Tiffany Kaye Meeks, By and Through Deborah M. MEEKS, their mother and natural guardian v. THOMPSON TRACTOR COMPANY. 2941162.

Page 1213

686 So.2d 1213

Amanda Anne MEEKS and Tiffany Kaye Meeks, By and Through Deborah M. MEEKS, their mother and natural guardian v. THOMPSON TRACTOR COMPANY.

2941162.

Court of Civil Appeals of Alabama.

May 31, 1996.

Rehearing Denied July 12, 1996.

Certiorari Denied Nov. 22, 1996

Alabama Supreme Court 1951840.

Parker C. Johnston of Enslen & Johnston, Wetumpka, for Appellants.

Michael M. Eley and Bart Harmon of Webb & Eley, P.C., Montgomery, for Appellee.

SAM A. BEATTY, Retired Justice.

The plaintiffs, Amanda Anne Meeks and Tiffany Kaye Meeks ("the children"), appeal from a summary judgment entered in favor of the defendant, Thompson Tractor Company ("Thompson"). We reverse and remand.

The children's father, William Guy Meeks, worked for Thompson as a field service repairman. Meeks traveled to various locations in central Alabama to repair forklifts; he also worked occasionally in Thompson's shop. Thompson assigned Meeks a company van that he used for travel to and from job sites. Thompson also authorized Meeks to drive the van between his home and the job sites or Thompson's shop. The van was equipped with a two-way radio that Meeks used to communicate with his supervisor at Thompson. Even after Meeks's supervisor released him to go home at the end of a workday, Meeks kept the radio on because he was subject to being called and sent to another job site.

On January 14, 1994, Meeks left Thompson's shop to drive his company van to Lake Jordan, where he had a camper vehicle and where he had parked his personal vehicle. Thompson personnel testified that Meeks was allowed to do this because the mileage from the shop to Meeks's home and the mileage from the shop to his camper were approximately the same. To reach his camper from Thompson's shop, Meeks typically traveled north on Highway 231 from Montgomery to Wallsboro, and then traveled west on Cousins Road to the camper. As he was traveling that route on January 14, Meeks stopped at the Wallsboro Amoco Grocery & Deli on Highway 231 and purchased a six-pack of beer. Upon leaving the Amoco store, he crossed the northbound lane of Highway 231 and pulled into the median before attempting to cross the southbound lane of Highway 231 onto Cousins Road. While Meeks was crossing the southbound lane of Highway 231 from the median, a vehicle traveling south on Highway 231 struck Meeks's van. According to a witness, it was dark at the time of the accident, and, she says, the other vehicle's headlights were not on. Meeks likely was not wearing his seat belt at the time of the accident. He died as the result of injuries he sustained in the collision.

The children sued Thompson to recover death benefits pursuant to Alabama's workers' compensation statutes. Thompson moved for a summary judgment. The trial court granted that motion. In entering the summary judgment, the trial court held that Meeks's purchase of beer and his possession of the beer in the company van were willful violations of both Thompson company rules and United States Department of Transportation ("DOT") regulations. The court then held that because "the decedent would not have been crossing the street when he was had he not deviated from his route by purchasing beer, the element of causation is present." The court further held that the accident did not arise out of Meeks's employment because, it held, he was on his way home and was pursuing a personal objective, that of purchasing beer, when the accident occurred, and was not furthering Thompson's business.

The children contend that the trial court erroneously concluded that Meeks's death did not arise out of and in the course of his employment, that the trial court erroneously based the summary judgment on Meeks's alleged misconduct, and that the trial court erroneously concluded that Meeks's alleged misconduct was the proximate cause of the accident.

Our standard for reviewing a summary judgment is well settled. The summary judgment was proper if there was no genuine issue of material fact and Thompson was entitled to a judgment as a matter of law. Rule 56, Ala.R.Civ.P. Thompson had the burden to make a prima facie showing that no genuine issue of material fact existed and that it was entitled to a judgment as a matter of law. Long v. Jefferson County, 623 So.2d 1130, 1132 (Ala.1993). If Thompson made that showing, then the burden shifted to the children to present evidence creating a genuine issue of material fact, so as to avoid the entry of a judgment against them. Id. In deciding whether there was a genuine issue of material fact, we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmovant and resolve all reasonable doubts against the movant. Id. The applicable standard of review is the "substantial evidence" rule. § 12-21-12, Ala.Code 1975. "Substantial evidence" is defined as "evidence of such weight and quality that fair-minded persons in the exercise of impartial judgment can reasonably infer the existence of the fact sought to be proved." West v. Founders Life Assurance Co. of Florida, 547 So.2d 870, 871 (Ala.1989).

Section § 25-5-51, Ala.Code 1975, requires that the children prove that Meeks's death was caused by "an accident arising out of and in the course of his ... employment" with Thompson. "Arising out of" means that "the employment was the cause and source of the accident." Gold Kist, Inc. v. Jones, 537 So.2d 39, 41 (Ala.Civ.App.1988). "In the course of" means that the injury occurs within the span of the employment at a place where it is reasonable to expect the employee to be and while the employee is reasonably fulfilling the duties of his or her employment or is engaged in some activity incidental to it. Moesch v. Baldwin County Elec. Membership Corp., 479 So.2d 1271 (Ala.Civ.App.1985). In the case of an employee injured as the result of an accident while traveling to or from work, if the employer has furnished the employee with the transportation or reimbursed his or her expenses, or if the employee is engaged in some duty in connection with his or her employment at home or in route, this court has held that such an accident arises out of and in the course of his or her employment and is compensable. See, e.g., Worthington v. Moore Elec. Co., 563 So.2d 617 (Ala.Civ.App.1990). Nevertheless, if an employee deliberately and substantially deviates from his or her employment, any injury that occurs during the substantial deviation is not a compensable injury, because the injury does not arise out of and in the course of the employment. Kewish v. Alabama Home Builders Self Insurers Fund, 664 So.2d 917 (Ala.Civ.App.1995).

In Worthington, an employee was involved in an automobile accident while driving one of his employer's trucks. The injured employee regularly drove a company vehicle to and from work, and two co-workers regularly rode with him. On the day of the accident, he had planned to take one of his co-workers to a destination other than his home. The accident occurred before the employee reached the anticipated side trip. This court held that the only reasonable view of the evidence presented was that "the employee, while driving to and from work every day, was on a journey that arose out of and occurred in the course of his employment," and that on the day of the accident "the employee was not engaged in a personal mission which so deviated from his business journey that his accident [was] non-compensable." 563 So.2d at 619-20.

Thompson argues that Meeks deviated from his employment by stopping at the Amoco store and that his accident therefore did not arise out of and in the course of his employment. Any deviation from employment must be substantial, however, for an employee to be precluded from entitlement to workers' compensation benefits. See Kewish, 664 So.2d at 922. We conclude that the children presented substantial evidence that Meeks's death arose out of and in the course of his employment. Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the children, one could conclude that although Meeks deviated slightly from his customary route when he stopped at the...