Members Mut. Ins. Co. v. Cutaia

• Decision Date: 02 February 1972
• Docket Number: No. B--2511,B--2511
• Citation: 476 S.W.2d 278
• Parties: The MEMBERS MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Petitioner, v. Sam S. CUTAIA, Respondent.
• Court: Texas Supreme Court

Page 278

476 S.W.2d 278

The MEMBERS MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Petitioner, v. Sam S. CUTAIA, Respondent.

No. B--2511.

Supreme Court of Texas.

Feb. 2, 1972.

Rehearing Denied March 8, 1972.

Sewell, Junell & Riggs, Gordon A. Holloway, Houston, for petitioner.

Law Offices of Horace F. Brown, Harry L. Tindall, Houston, for respondent.

GREENHILL, Justice.

The opinion and judgment of the Court of Civil Appeals in this case are in conflict with the substance of the opinions of this Court in New Amsterdam Casualty Co. v. Hamblen, 144 Tex. 306, 190 S.W.2d 56 (1945); and Klein v. Century Lloyds, 154 Tex. 160, 275 S.W.2d 95 (1955). We granted a writ of error to consider whether to overrule Hamblen and Klein, and have determined not to do so. While an injustice has apparently resulted in this particular case, the matter of rewriting the insurance provisions in question is properly within the prerogative of the State Board of Insurance or the Legislature. Accordingly, the judgments of the courts below must be reversed.

As stated in the opinion of the Court of Civil Appeals in this case, 460 S.W.2d 493, Smith was insured by Members Mutual Insurance Company. The policy of insurance expressly provided certain conditions. Among the conditions were those which required Smith to give notice of any accident and to forward any suit papers immediately to the company. Only the condition regarding the forwarding of suit papers is involved. The policy further provided that 'no action shall lie against the company unless, as a condition precedent thereto, the insured shall have fully complied with all the terms of this policy. . . .' There is no provision in the policy that failure to comply with the conditions precedent would be excused if no harm or prejudice were suffered by the insurer; and such a provision would have to be inserted into the policy by implication.

Smith had an automobile accident with Mr. Cutaia, also insured by Members Mutual. The insurance company had actual knowledge of the accident within two days. Later in the same month Cutaia sued Smith, and Smith was promptly served with citation. Smith never did forward the citation to his insurance company. An investigation was begun by an independent claims agency. When the agency learned that Smith had not complied with the condition as to forwarding the suit papers, it ceased its work. Some five months after the accident, the insurance company obtained from Smith a written statement, a non-waiver agreement, that nothing theretofore, or thereafter, done about the matter would constitute a waiver of the company's rights under the policy. The investigation was completed.

The insurance company then furnished Smith the defense of the suit. Judgment was against Smith, but the insurance company refused to pay Cutaia because of the breach of the condition precedent by Smith as to the forwarding of the suit papers.

Cutaia then brought this suit against Members Mutual to recover on the policy of Smith. The insurance company relied upon the breach of the condition precedent and the holdings of this court in Hamblen and Klein that harm or prejudice to the insurer from the failure to comply with the conditions was immaterial. The facts of the case were stipulated, and the insurance company stipulated that it had not been harmed by the failure to forward the suit papers.

Trial was to the court without a jury resulting in a judgment for Cutaia. The Court of Civil Appeals affirmed.

There can be no doubt that this Court in Hamblen and Klein held that the notice and forwarding of suit papers were conditions precedent to liability. In Hamblen, the jury found that the insurer suffered no harm and was not prevented from making any defense of the suit. This Court held, in effect, that when the condition precedent to liability was breached, liability on the claim was discharged, and harm (or lack of it) resulting from the breach was immaterial. The holding is repeated in Klein. Speaking through Chief Justice Hickman, this Court said:

'It is unquestioned that the provisions of the policy quoted above and relied upon by respondent (the insurance company) as defenses to this cause of action are conditions precedent to the right of Gunter (the insured person) to recover. If he did not meet those conditions, he would not have been heard to assert that respondent (the insurance company) was not injured by his failure to do so, or that he should be entitled to recover on equitable grounds. His right to recover at all would have been determined solely by the terms of his policy, and petitioners' (the claimants') right must be measured by the same standard.' 275 S.W.2d at 96.

There are two opinions by the courts of civil appeals which indicate that harm is material, and that in the absence of harm, recovery may be had. Olgin v. Employers Mutual Casualty Co., Tex.Civ.App., 228 S.W.2d 552 (1950, writ ref., n.r.e.); and Century Lloyds v. Barnett, Tex.Civ.App., 259 S.W.2d 768 (1953, writ refused). Both of these cases were decided before Klein, and Barnett was cited in a dissent in Klein.

There may be a question as to soundness of the holding in Klein that the failure to give notice for 32 days was, as a matter of law, a failure to give notice as soon as practicable. But the holding of Klein that the policy provision in question was a condition precedent to liability was in line with the great weight of authority at that time, and this view is still the majority view. The opinion of the Court of Civil Appeals in this case so stated. Others agree. 2 Long, Law of Liability Insurance (1971) 13--45; Comment, 23 Baylor L. Rev. 419 at 427 (1971). And, after all, this is what the contract says.

This Court again stated in Womack v. Allstate Ins. Co., 156 Tex. 467, 296 S.W.2d 233 (1956) that as a general rule, the failure of the insured to comply...