Memorial Hosp. of Martinsville v. Hairston, 1173-85

• Citation: 2 Va.App. 677,347 S.E.2d 527
• Decision Date: 19 August 1986
• Docket Number: No. 1173-85,1173-85
• Parties: MEMORIAL HOSPITAL OF MARTINSVILLE and Henry County, et al. v. Nellie Mae HAIRSTON. Record
• Court: Virginia Court of Appeals

Page 527

347 S.E.2d 527

2 Va.App. 677

MEMORIAL HOSPITAL OF MARTINSVILLE and Henry County, et al. v. Nellie Mae HAIRSTON.

Record No. 1173-85.

Court of Appeals of Virginia.

Aug. 19, 1986.

Karen A. Gould (Crews, Hancock & Dunn, Richmond, on brief), for appellants.

Linda Davis Frith (Gentry, Locke, Rakes & Moore, Roanoke, on brief), for appellee.

Before KOONTZ, C.J., and COLEMAN and MOON, JJ.

KOONTZ, Chief Judge.

Memorial Hospital of Martinsville and Henry County and the Virginia Insurance Reciprocal (hereinafter collectively referred to as "employer)" appeal from a decision of the Industrial Commission awarding benefits to Nellie Mae Hairston for injuries received from a fall occurring at the hospital on October 10, 1984. We reverse that award.

Hairston, a housekeeping aide at the hospital, parked her housekeeping cart on a floor of the hospital in anticipation of going on a scheduled break. As she was walking toward the elevator, she stated that she "got approximately half way and my foot slipped and I lost my balance and fell down." As a result, Hairston fractured her right wrist. Although the tile floor was described as "shiny," and was washed and waxed periodically, there was no evidence that the condition of the floor caused or contributed to the fall. Additionally, there was no evidence that the fall was caused by any personal physical defect of Hairston's. Hairston offered no explanation for the fall, which was otherwise unwitnessed.

The deputy commissioner awarded benefits to Hairston. The full Commission affirmed that award. In so doing, the Commission implicitly recognized the existence of a presumption whereby injuries resulting from unexplained falls occurring in the course of the employment are compensable. We are asked to decide whether Virginia indulges such a presumption under the facts presented herein.

Hairston argues that in Virginia when an unexplained fall occurs in the course of employment that the accident is presumed to have arisen out of and in the course of the employment, citing Akers v. Virginia Maid Hosiery Mills, Inc., 57 O.I.C. 1, 3 (1975), and Bell v. American Safety Razor Co., 60 O.I.C. 40, 42 (1981), as authority. The claimant contends that applying the presumption in an unexplained fall situation comports with the beneficent purpose of the Act by recognizing that an injury by accident occurring in the work place under circumstances in which the cause cannot be held attributable to either the employee's physical condition or a nonemployment related cause should be presumed to have been causally related or incidental to the employment environment. Akers dealt with a claimant who fell in the employer's parking lot, rendering her unconscious. The deputy commissioner concluded that the fall was "unexplained," and awarded benefits, stating:

Virginia has consistently held that in the case of an unwitnessed fall or death on the employer's premises resulting from accident where there is no evidence to show the employee was not engaged in the employer's business and he is in a place where he is reasonably expected to be, or his work reasonably required him to be, a presumption arises that the accident arose out of and in the course of his employment. Southern Motor Lines v. Alvis, 200 Va. 168, 104 S.E.2d 735 (1958); Sullivan v. Suffolk Peanut Co., 171 Va. 439, 199 S.E. 504 (1938).

Akers, 57 O.I.C. at 3.

In Bell, the claimant "had bits of plastic, a waste material from the work product, imbedded in the soles of her shoes." Bell, 60 O.I.C. at 41. The floor onto which she fell also had small pieces of plastic lying on it. The opinion of the deputy commissioner does not state whether the claimant was rendered unconscious. In any event, the deputy commissioner found that the fall was the result of the presence of the waste products on the floor. In dicta, the deputy commissioner stated that even if the waste products were not the cause of the fall, the claimant could still recover under an unexplained fall theory. The opinion cited Ashby v. Richmond Community Action Program, Inc., 52 O.I.C. 14 (1970), for support.

In Ashby, the claimant, a teacher's aide, was rendered unconscious by an unwitnessed fall. She had no independent recollection of the cause of the fall. The deputy commissioner's opinion, as in Akers, invoked the unexplained fall "presumption," citing Southern Motor Lines and Sullivan. The claimant was awarded compensation.

The Akers and Ashby opinions, in citing to Southern Motor Lines and Sullivan, ignored the fact that those two Supreme Court cases dealt with unexplained deaths, not mere falls. The Southern Motor Lines Court clearly stated the existing Virginia rule of law:

[W]here an employee is found dead as the result of an accident at his place of work or nearby, where his duties may have called during the hours of his work, and there is no evidence offered to show what caused the death or to show that he was not engaged in his master's business at the time, the Court will indulge a presumption that the relation of master and servant existed at the time of the accident and that it arose out of and in the course of the employment.

Southern Motor Lines, 200 Va. at 171-72, 104 S.E.2d at 738. (emphasis added).

The Supreme Court of Virginia recently recognized a clear distinction between unexplained death cases and other cases in Metcalf v. A.M. Express Moving Systems, 230 Va. 464, 339 S.E.2d 177 (1986). Metcalf, a truck driver, was inexplicably attacked as he slept in his parked vehicle in Alexandria. Metcalf sought compensation for his injuries, relying on a presumption that...