Metzker v. State

• Decision Date: 31 August 1990
• Docket Number: No. A-3363,A-3363
• Parties: Norman E. METZKER, Appellant, v. STATE of Alaska, Appellee.
• Court: Alaska Court of Appeals

Page 1219

797 P.2d 1219

Norman E. METZKER, Appellant, v. STATE of Alaska, Appellee.

No. A-3363.

Court of Appeals of Alaska.

Aug. 31, 1990.

J. Michael Robbins, Asst. Public Defender, Palmer, and John B. Salemi, Public Defender, Anchorage, for appellant.

Eugene B. Cyrus, Asst. Dist. Atty., Steven H. Morrissett, Dist. Atty., Palmer, and

Douglas B. Bailey, Atty. Gen., Juneau, for appellee.

Before BRYNER, C.J., and COATS and SINGLETON, ^* JJ.

OPINION

SINGLETON, Judge.

Norman E. Metzker pled no contest to driving while intoxicated (DWI), AS 28.35.030, preserving the right to appeal the denial of his motion to suppress the fruits of an alleged improper stop.

During the early morning hours of October 6, 1988, Alaska State Trooper Gregory Olson responded to a dispatch concerning a disturbance at the Kashim Bar. Upon arriving at the scene, a witness informed him that a woman, later identified as Sharon Yates, had been assaulted and had left the premises to go to the Roadhouse Bar. As he spoke with Trooper Olson, the witness observed Yates exit the bar and pointed her out to Olson. Olson approached her and saw that she was extremely intoxicated, "incoherent" and "disoriented." Yates told Olson her boyfriend had hit her. When Olson attempted to ask her about the altercation, she ran away, flagged down a passing pick-up truck, and left the scene. At about the same time, an individual claiming to be Yate's boyfriend approached Olson. He admitted that he and his girlfriend had had a "fight." Olson wanted to learn exactly what had happened, so he radioed for other troopers to locate and stop the truck that the woman had flagged down because the passenger was a possible assault victim.

Trooper Brad Anderson spotted the truck shortly after Olson's dispatch. He saw the passenger momentarily disappear from sight. He did not know whether she had ducked down or had been pulled down. Anderson stopped the truck. He was unsure if Yates was the perpetrator or the victim of the assault, but he assumed that she was the victim. He was also uncertain whether the driver of the truck had been involved in the assault.

Upon stopping the truck, Anderson immediately contacted Yates, who said that she was uninjured and that the driver had not been involved in the assault, but had only offered to give her a ride. The officer approached the driver, Norman Metzker, to verify this information. Upon making contact, Anderson smelled a strong odor of alcohol on Metzker's breath. Metzker was unable to perform any field sobriety tests. Anderson arrested him for DWI.

An investigatory stop is justified only where there is reasonable suspicion that imminent public danger exists or serious harm to persons or property has recently occurred. Coleman v. State, 553 P.2d 40, 46 (Alaska 1976). In State v. G.B., 769 P.2d 452, 455-56 (Alaska App.1989) (citations omitted), we stated:

Coleman addresses the problem of differentiating serious from nonserious harm by espousing a flexible approach based on practical necessity rather than a rigid standard of categorical exclusion. Coleman requires a determination of the issue based on the circumstances in each case. While the theoretical seriousness of the crime for which reasonable suspicion exists is a significant factor in each case, it is not in itself determinative.... [A] threat to public safety must be considered in conjunction with the imminence of that threat....

These factors must in turn be balanced against the strength of an officer's reasonable suspicion and the actual intrusiveness of the investigative stop.... A minimally intrusive stop based on solid information indicating that a crime is actually in progress or has just been completed may be justified under Coleman even when the crime itself is not a felony and involves harm that in other contexts might not seem particularly serious.

In each case, compliance with Coleman 's requirement of recently committed serious harm must be evaluated with a view toward the fundamental concern of the Coleman court: the risk that an investigative stop based on mere suspicion may be used as a pretext to conduct a search for evidence. As indicated in Coleman, the fundamental inquiry in each case is whether "a prompt investigation [was] required ... as a matter of practical necessity."

Metzker challenges the stop on two grounds. First, he claims that at the time of the stop there was no imminent danger of bodily harm because the altercation had already ended, the officer did not observe that Yates had any injuries, and Yates had left the scene. Second, he contends an investigatory stop is permitted only where the detainee is a criminal suspect, rather than a witness or victim.

Metzker's first claim is unfounded. A witness at the scene informed Olson that a woman had been the victim of an assault--a potentially serious offense. The offense had only recently occurred. Although the trooper did not observe any cuts or bruises on the victim, he did notice that she staggered as she walked, she appeared to be extremely disoriented, and, when questioned, she fled. Under these circumstances, Olson was justified in issuing the locate for the truck in order to inquire about the circumstances of the alleged assault and the extent of Yates' injuries, if any. Olson's dispatch of this information with a description of the truck to Anderson clearly gave the trooper sufficient reasonable suspicion to make the stop....