Mezzanotte Const. Co. v. Gibons

• Decision Date: 19 February 1959
• Docket Number: No. 144,144
• Citation: 148 A.2d 399,219 Md. 178
• Parties: MEZZANOTTE CONSTRUCTION COMPANY et al. v. John R. GIBONS.
• Court: Maryland Court of Appeals

Page 178

219 Md. 178

148 A.2d 399

MEZZANOTTE CONSTRUCTION COMPANY et al. v. John R. GIBONS.

No. 144.

Court of Appeals of Maryland.

Feb. 19, 1959.

Arthur L. Willcher and LeRoy Pumphrey, Washington, D. C. (Bernard Shankman, Washington, D. C., on the brief), for appellants.

Oscar R. Duley, Upper Marlboro, and Faust C. Villareale (Samuel J. DeBlasis, Upper Marlboro, on the brief), for appellee.

Before HENDERSON, HAMMOND, PRESCOTT and HORNEY, JJ.

HENDERSON, Judge.

This is an appeal from a judgment entered after a jury trial in three consolidated cases brought by the plaintiff, appellee, claiming damages for the wilful, negligent, reckless, wrongful and malicious entry upon the appellee's land and the cutting and removal therefrom of trees and timber. The jury's verdict was for $25,000 against the defendants, appellants, and in favor of the co-defendants, Johnson, Haymes and Tidewater Veneer Company. The appellee did not appeal or cross-appeal from the judgment entered on the latter verdict. The appellants filed a motion for judgment N.O.V. or, in the alternative, for a new trial. On April 16, 1958, the motion for judgment N.O.V. was denied, and the motion for new trial was 'granted unless the plaintiff shall file a remittitur in the amount of $11,692.09 within 15 days' from the date of the order, and if so filed, the Clerk was directed to enter judgment for the sum of $13,307.91. Within that time, the appellee advised the Court that the remittitur would be filed, but it was not actually filed until the 17th day from the date of the order. One of the appellants filed a motion ne recipiatur to the filing of the remittitur, but the record does not show that there was any hearing on the motion. The record does show that the judgment was entered for the sum of $13,307.91 about two months later, on July 10, 1958, and that the appellants entered an appeal therefrom. There was no cross appeal.

The appellants have abandoned, on appeal, any contention as to the legal sufficiency of the evidence, and certainly we could not pass on any such question upon the scanty excerpts from the transcript printed in the record extract. Indeed, the appellants' extract is deficient in many respects, even to support or render intelligible the contentions pressed. However, we shall pass on such questions as seem to be fairly presented. It seems to have been virtually admitted that the co-defendants, or some of them, cut and removed a stand of merchantable timber from the appellee's land, for which they paid Mezzanotte or his corporation, who owned an adjoining tract, a sum in excess of $6,000. The chief issues in the case were whether they were acting as agents of the appellants, whether the mistake as to the location of the tract was induced by Mezzanotte or his agent, Robinson, and the amount of the damages.

The expert witness, Garvey, testified that the amount and value of the timber cut was $13,307.91.

The first contention of the appellants is that the court erred in limiting cross-examination intended to show the financial interest of the witness in the outcome of the litigation. He testified that he had been paid $100, or $25 per day for four days, for cruising the tract and evaluating the timber removed. He admitted that he expected to render a bill and be paid for his services in testifying in court, but said that his compensation would not depend on the outcome of the case. When asked as to the amount of his charge, he testified that he had not 'settled that with Mr. Gibons yet.' Objections were sustained to further questions as to what would determine the basis of his compensation, and whether he had arrived at a figure in his own mind as to what he would charge.

It is well settled that the compensation of an expert witness is a proper subject for cross-examination. See 3 Wigmore, Evidence (3d ed.), § 949, p. 501, note 4; 3 Jones, Evidence (4th ed.), § 828, p. 1537; note, 33 A.L.R.2d 1170. Cf. Williams v. Graff, 194 Md. 516, 522, 71 A.2d 450, 23 A.L.R.2d 106. See also Code (1957), Art. 35, sec. 10. But it is recognized that the scope and extent of the cross-examination rests in the sound discretion of the trial court. It has been held that the prospective amount of compensation may be inquired into, even though not presently agreed upon. Grutski v. Kline, 352 Pa. 401, 43 A.2d 142. But there is authority to the contrary. Pandula v. Fonseca, 145 Fla. 395, 199 So. 358. In the instant case, if we assume that the trial court was in error in sustaining the objection, we think it was not so prejudicial as to constitute reversible error. The jury knew what he had been paid for his previous services, that he intended to charge for testifying, and that compensation for testifying would not depend on the outcome of the case, but on future agreement with the party calling him. In short, the fact of his interest, which might be deemed to affect his credibility or bias, was brought out, and the amount he might ultimately receive was speculative, because whatever amount he might have arrived at in his own mind, if he had any figure in mind, would depend on future acceptance by the party employing him, presumably upon a quantum meruit basis.

The appellants contend that the court's comments upon the evidence, made in the course of the trial, and in the court's charge to the jury, were hostile and misleading. The only comment, in the course of the trial, mentioned in the appellants' brief was made when a picture was offered in evidence through the witness, Mezzanotte, purporting to show the northeast corner of the tract in question. The court first sustained an objection by counsel for the co-defendants when it was shown...