Miller v. O'Neill

• Decision Date: 27 July 1989
• Docket Number: No. 01-89-00157-CV,01-89-00157-CV
• Citation: 775 S.W.2d 56
• Parties: Ralph K. MILLER, Relator, v. The Honorable Jack O'NEILL, Judge of the 152nd District Court of Harris County, Texas, Respondent. (1st Dist.)
• Court: Texas Court of Appeals

Page 56

775 S.W.2d 56

Ralph K. MILLER, Relator, v. The Honorable Jack O'NEILL, Judge of the 152nd District Court of Harris County, Texas, Respondent.

No. 01-89-00157-CV.

Court of Appeals of Texas Houston (1st Dist.).

July 27, 1989.

Ralph K. Miller, New Braunfels, for relator.

Stanley B. Binion, Baker, Brown, Sharman & Parker, Houston, for respondent.

Before COHEN, SAM BASS and MIRABAL, JJ.

COHEN, Justice.

Ralph Miller, the relator, has filed a motion for leave to file petition for writ of mandamus seeking relief from the respondent's order denying discovery of the income tax returns and net worth statements of the real parties in interest, William Mac Gann and Jim Perdue. Miller also seeks relief from another portion of the order that requires that trial be conducted under the "Wyoming Plan." The statement of facts from the discovery hearing is in the record before us.

This original proceeding arises from Miller's suit against Gann and Perdue alleging various causes of action including breach of fiduciary duty and seeking compensatory and exemplary damages. Miller served a request for production on Gann and Perdue seeking the following documents:

Copies of all U.S. Individual Income Tax Returns filed by you or in your behalf for the years 1977 to 1987, inclusive.

Copies of all U.S. Partnership and/or Professional Corporation Income returns in which you have had an interest filed for the years 1977 to 1987, inclusive.

Copies of all individual financial and/or net worth statements prepared by you or in your behalf for the years 1977 to 1987, inclusive.

Copies of all partnership and/or professional corporation financial and/or net worth statements prepared by you or in your behalf for the years 1977 to 1987 inclusive.

Perdue sought a protective order and asserted the following objections to the request for production: 1) The request is overbroad; 2) it seeks discovery of irrelevant information that is not reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of admissible evidence; 3) the information sought is a trade secret; and 4) the information sought is personal and confidential. Perdue admitted that present net worth is discoverable.

Gann asserted the following objections: 1) The request is overbroad; 2) it violates the privacy of persons--parties and non-parties; 3) it constitutes harassment; and 4) it seeks information that is not relevant and not likely to lead to the discovery of relevant evidence.

Gann moved for a protective order restricting the discovery to his net worth at the time of trial and seeking trial of the case under the "Wyoming Plan." The plan provides for a bifurcated trial on the issue of exemplary damages:

At trial, if evidence is produced making a prima facie case of punitive damages, the verdict form will make provision for compensatory damages and further ask the jury whether punitive damages should or should not be awarded. However, no provision would be made for the jury to determine the amount of punitive damages to be awarded at that point.

If the jury finds that punitive damages should be awarded, it then hears evidence of the defendant's financial status and returns a separate verdict setting the award of punitive damages.

Campen v. Stone, 635 P.2d 1121, 1132 (Wyo.1981).

The respondent did not conduct an in camera inspection of the requested documents, see Loftin v. Martin, 776 S.W.2d 145, 148 (1989), and the parties elicited no testimony showing the need for a protective order. The respondent then entered the following order:

Accordingly, it is ORDERED, ADJUDGED AND DECREED that the Motions for Bifurcated Trial are granted, and the trial of this cause shall proceed under the Wyoming Plan; it is, further

ORDERED, ADJUDGED AND DECREED that the Defendants' Motions for Protective Order are granted, and they are not required to produce at this time the individual or partnership income tax returns or financial statements, pending any further orders from this Court.

The respondent signed this order on February 2, 1989, when the case was set for trial on April 17, 1989.

The issues presented are: 1) whether the respondent abused his discretion in not ordering the requested documents produced, and 2) whether the respondent abused his discretion in ordering the case tried under the "Wyoming Plan." Gann and Perdue do not want to produce information about their net worth until the jury has answered the liability issues against them and has decided that punitive damages are appropriate.

The Wyoming Supreme Court relied heavily upon the availability of pretrial discovery in determining that a bifurcated trial was a feasible procedure. The "Wyoming Plan" dictates the following procedure for discovery of information concerning net worth:

1. The plaintiff may claim in his complaint a right to punitive damages and then seek pretrial discovery of a defendant's wealth.

2. Defendant may move for a protective order requiring the plaintiff to make a prima facie showing to the trial court that a viable issue exists for punitive damages. Upon such a showing, the pretrial discovery would be allowed.

Campen, 635 P.2d at 1132. The following passages show the court's emphasis on pretrial discovery of net worth:

"However, we do not read the New Jersey decision as requiring a special jury verdict on punitive damages before permitting discovery. Rather, what the New Jersey court concluded was that a prima facie showing had to be made of the right to recover punitive damages before a general disclosure of a defendant's wealth can be compelled...." [Cobb v. Superior Court, County of Los Angeles, 99 Cal.App.3d 543] 160 Cal.Rptr. at 564-65 [ (1979) ].

....

We do not understand the reluctance of the California and Tennessee courts to adopt the bifurcation of the trial. If the wealth of a defendant is allowed to be discovered prior to trial upon a prima facie showing of willful and wanton misconduct, no unnecessary delay will occur.... So long as discovery is allowed before trial, there should be no delay once a jury decides punitive damages should be awarded. The evidence of a defendant's wealth can be submitted right then, and the jury can deliberate further on the proper amount to be awarded.

Campen, 635 P.2d at 1130-31 (footnote omitted) (emphasis added).

The "Wyoming Plan's" requirement that a plaintiff make a prima facie showing "that a viable issue exists for (punitive) damages" was expressly rejected by the Texas Supreme Court in Lunsford v. Morris, 746 S.W.2d 471, 473 (Tex.1988):

Our rules of civil procedure and evidence do not require similar practices before net worth may be discovered. Absent a privilege or specifically enumerated exemption, our rules permit discovery of...