Miller v. Stauffer Chemical Co.

• Decision Date: 24 November 1981
• Docket Number: Civ. A. No. 80-2308.
• Citation: 527 F. Supp. 775
• Court: U.S. District Court — District of Kansas
• Parties: Eric MILLER, H. C. Miller, Guy Miller, G & R Miller Farms, Inc., and ESC Grain Producers, Inc., Plaintiffs, v. STAUFFER CHEMICAL COMPANY, Defendant.

527 F. Supp. 775

Eric MILLER, H. C. Miller, Guy Miller, G & R Miller Farms, Inc., and ESC Grain Producers, Inc., Plaintiffs, v. STAUFFER CHEMICAL COMPANY, Defendant.

Civ. A. No. 80-2308.

United States District Court, D. Kansas.

November 24, 1981.

Van Smith, Garden City, Kan., for plaintiffs.

Keen K. Brantley of Wallace, Brantley & Shirley, Scott City, Kan., Raymond J. Connell of Hall & Evans, Denver, Colo., for defendant.

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

EARL E. O'CONNOR, Chief Judge.

Plaintiffs have filed a motion to remand this action pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1446(b) and 1447(c). In response to the motion defendant argues (1) that removal was timely, and (2) that even if removal was improper plaintiffs waived their right to remand. The initial petition, which was filed January 29, 1979, in the District Court of Finney County, Kansas, set out facts sufficient to establish complete diversity but claimed damages of $8,278.01. Because these damages did not exceed $10,000.00, as required for diversity jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1332, the original complaint did not establish removability of the case pursuant to the first paragraph of 28 U.S.C. § 1446(b). On August 16, 1979, plaintiffs filed a motion to amend the complaint, increasing the prayer for damages to $12,565.74. Plaintiffs argue that the filing of this motion to amend triggered the thirty-day time period for defendant to petition for removal.

Defendant contends that the mere filing of plaintiffs' motion to amend on August 16, 1979, did not trigger the time to petition for removal because the granting of plaintiffs' request called for the exercise of the court's discretion. In fact, defendant notes that on February 13, 1980, the District Court of Finney County allowed plaintiffs to amend their petition "to include a prayer for all damages sustained by plaintiffs ...." The court ordered the petition "be and the same is hereby modified and amended to include allegations of crop damage, refund of costs, interest and attorney's fees because of the alleged failure of defendant's product Eradicane to control shatter cane in fields owned and/or operated by plaintiffs." Defendant asserts that this amendment did not establish plaintiffs were seeking damages within the jurisdictional amount required in diversity cases. Instead, defendant argues that plaintiffs' responses to defendant's interrogatories, received on August 5, 1980, for the first time clearly established plaintiffs' damages exceeded the amount required for diversity jurisdiction. The petition for removal was filed in this court on August 21, 1980, within thirty days of plaintiffs' response to the interrogatories.

The second paragraph of 28 U.S.C. § 1446 provides as follows:

If the case stated by the initial pleading is not removable, a petition for removal may be filed within thirty days after receipt by the defendant, through service or otherwise, of a copy of an amended pleading, motion, order or other paper from which it may first be ascertained that the case is one which is or has become removable.

The record of the state court is generally considered the sole source from which it may be ascertained whether a case originally not removable has since become removable. 1A Moore's Federal Practice ¶ 0.168 3.-5 at 488-89. A federal court sua sponte must remand any case that it determines was removed improvidently and without jurisdiction. 28 U.S.C. § 1447(c). Furthermore, when the propriety of removal is called into question, the party who removed has the burden to prove any controverted material issue to show that removal was proper. 1A Moore's Federal Practice ¶ 0.1684.-1 at 529.

The second paragraph of § 1446(b) allows removal of an action, not initially removable, that "has become removable due to the filing in state court of `an amended pleading, motion, order, or other paper from which it may first be ascertained that the case is one which is or has become removable.'" O'Bryan v. Chandler, 496 F.2d 403, 409 (10th Cir.), cert. den. 419 U.S. 986, 95 S.Ct. 245, 42 L.Ed.2d 194 (1974), reh. den. 420 U.S. 913, 95 S.Ct. 838, 42 L.Ed.2d 845 (1975). In the view of this court the mere filing of a motion to amend plaintiffs' complaint does not in itself make removable a state court action that otherwise lies outside the perimeters of federal jurisdiction. We recognize that legal authority exists to the contrary. E.g., Harriman v. Liberian Maritime Corporation, 204 F.Supp. 205, 206-07 (D.Mass.1962) (time for removal runs from date of defendant's receipt of motion to increase prayer to sum in excess of federal jurisdictional amount). In our opinion, however, when amendment of plaintiff's complaint is given as the basis for removal, the date of service of the amended pleading itself should control to determine removability and to trigger the time within which removal is proper. Barney's Boats, Inc., et al., v. Johnson Outboards, et al., No. 76-237-C2, slip op. at 3 (D.Kan., unpublished, April 13, 1977); 1A Moore's Federal Practice ¶ 0.1683.-5 at 485-86. For the following reasons, we believe this is the only sensible rule to apply when the time within which plaintiff may amend his complaint as of right has expired. First, the mere filing of a motion to amend does not affect the existence or nonexistence of federal jurisdiction and...