Mistishen v. Falcone Piano Co., Inc.

• Decision Date: 25 May 1994
• Docket Number: No. 92-P-1225,92-P-1225
• Citation: 36 Mass.App.Ct. 243,630 N.E.2d 294
• Parties: , 9 IER Cases 550 Barbara MISTISHEN v. FALCONE PIANO COMPANY, INC. & another. 1
• Court: Appeals Court of Massachusetts

Page 294

630 N.E.2d 294

36 Mass.App.Ct. 243, 9 IER Cases 550

Barbara MISTISHEN v. FALCONE PIANO COMPANY, INC. & another. ¹

No. 92-P-1225.

Appeals Court of Massachusetts Essex.

Argued Nov. 4, 1993.

Decided March 21, 1994.

Further Appellate Review Denied May 25, 1994.

Paul A. Manoff, Boston, for plaintiff.

David C. Casey, Boston, for defendants.

Before BROWN, PERRETTA and KASS, JJ.

PERRETTA, Justice.

For purposes of determining whether it was error to allow the defendants' motion for summary judgment, we assume it true that the defendant Falcone Piano Company, Inc. (Falcone), discharged the plaintiff, a piano tuner, from her at-will employment in retaliation for her complaints to her supervisor, the defendant Brambilla, ² that Falcone's warranty practices were unfair and deceptive. Concluding that the plaintiff's discharge does not violate public policy, we affirm the judgment.

1. The facts. When first hired by Falcone in August, 1988, the plaintiff's duties as a piano service technician included various piano assembly tasks, as well as keyboard regulation, tuning, and final preparation of pianos for customers. About two years later, Falcone promoted the plaintiff to the position of marketing technician. Her responsibilities in that position involved preparing pianos for customers, maintaining the pianos in Falcone's showroom, and performing service calls on pianos in customers' homes, frequently in respect to warranty work.

As a marketing technician, the plaintiff began to notice what she believed to be defects in the pianos that Falcone was preparing to sell and in pianos that she serviced in customers' homes. The plaintiff found what she thought to be problems, mostly loose tuning pins, in about forty to fifty pianos. She also disapproved of the repair technique used by Falcone to tighten the tuning pins.

Taking her complaints about perceived defects and poor workmanship to Brambilla, the plaintiff asked that the pianos either be repaired or that she be allowed to inform customers of defects in the pianos. Brambilla and his supervisor told the plaintiff that she should inform them and not customers as to the existence of any defects and that they would deal with any problems if and when a customer came forward with a complaint about a piano.

On March 5, 1991, Brambilla asked the plaintiff to prepare a piano that was to be sold on March 7. On March 6, the plaintiff was late for work, because of personal business, and Brambilla discharged her. It is the plaintiff's claim that the true reason for her discharge was her effort to have Falcone honor its warranties and repair its defective pianos.

There are no material facts in dispute because Falcone, while denying the existence of any imperfections in its pianos, accepts the plaintiff's allegations solely for the purpose of challenging the complaint on summary judgment.

2. Discussion. "[A]n at-will employee has a cause of action for wrongful discharge if the discharge is contrary to public policy." DeRose v. Putnam Mgmt. Co., 398 Mass. 205, 210, 496 N.E.2d 428 (1986). The "issue whether there was a public policy violation is a question of law for the judge...." Smith-Pfeffer v. Superintendent of the Walter E. Fernald State Sch., 404 Mass. 145, 151, 533 N.E.2d 1368 (1989), citing Mello v. Stop & Shop Cos., 402 Mass. 555, 561 n. 7, 524 N.E.2d 105 (1988). The plaintiff argues that because her complaints implicated Falcone's violation of a statute, G.L. c. 93A, she engaged in conduct protected by public policy.

Although the term "public policy" is amorphous, see Petermann v. International Bhd. of Teamsters, Local 396, 174 Cal.App.2d 184, 188, 344 P.2d 25 (1959), the public policy exception to the at-will employment rule has been made available to employees discharged for performing important public deeds. See Smith-Pfeffer v. Superintendent of the Walter E. Fernald State Sch., 404 Mass. at 149-150, 533 N.E.2d 1368; Flesner v. Technical Communications Corp., 410 Mass. 805, 810-811, 575 N.E.2d 1107 (1991). While the importance of a public deed is not determined on the sole basis of whether the law absolutely requires its performance, ibid., such a mandate would bespeak a legislative determination of the importance of the act to the public.

Under c. 93A, unfair acts and practices can range from the annoying to the disastrous. Considering the breadth and flexibility of the coverage provided by the statute, see Schubach v. Household Fin. Corp., 375 Mass. 133, 137, 376 N.E.2d 140 (1978), we think it significant that the Legislature chose to create new private and public remedies for consumers without imposing any obligation on...