Mitchell's Will, In re, 738SC454

• Citation: 198 S.E.2d 233,19 N.C.App. 236
• Decision Date: 22 August 1973
• Docket Number: No. 738SC454,738SC454
• Parties: In re Probate of WILL of Levi E. (L. E.) MITCHELL.
• Court: North Carolina Court of Appeals

Page 233

198 S.E.2d 233

19 N.C.App. 236

In re Probate of WILL of Levi E. (L. E.) MITCHELL.

No. 738SC454.

Court of Appeals of North Carolina.

Aug. 22, 1973.

Certiorari Allowed by Supreme Court Nov. 1, 1973.

Herbert B. Hulse, Roland C. Braswell, Goldsboro, for contestant appellant.

Taylor, Allen, Warren & Kerr by John H. Kerr, III, Goldsboro, for applicant appellees.

MORRIS, Judge.

The sole issue for our determination is whether the will executed by Levi Mitchell (then unmarried) was revoked by his subsequent marriage at a time when G.S. § 31--5.3 (providing for revocation of a will by a subsequent marriage) was effective although the statute was amended prior to his death to provide that a will is not revoked by a subsequent marriage of the maker.

At the time Levi Mitchell executed his will on 16 January 1963, G.S. § 31--5.3 provided as follows:

'Revocation by marriage; exceptions.--A will is revoked by the subsequent marriage of the maker, except as follows:

(1) A will made prior to the marriage of the maker which contains an express statement to the effect that it is made in contemplation of marriage to a person named therein is not revoked by the maker's marriage to such person.

(2) A will made in the exercise of a power of appointment, or so much thereof as is made in the exercise of a power of appointment, if the real or personal estate thereby appointed would not, in default of such appointment, pass to the maker's heirs or next of kin, is not revoked by the maker's subsequent marriage.'

There is no contention that Levi Mitchell's will was executed within the exceptions to former G.S. § 31--5.3.

In November 1963, Mitchell married the contestant, Alma Mitchell. The 1967 General Assembly by Chapter 128, 1967 Session Laws, amended G.S. § 31--5.3 to read as follows:

'Will not revoked by marriage; dissent from will made prior to marriage.--A will is not revoked by a subsequent marriage of the maker; and the surviving spouse may dissent from such will made prior to the marriage in the same manner, upon the same conditions, and to the same extent, as a surviving spouse may dissent from a will made subsequent to marriage.'

As rewritten, G.S. § 31--5.3 is made applicable to the wills of persons dying on or after 1 October 1967.

Appellees contend that because a will is ambulatory and speaks at the maker's death, the law applicable in determining whether a will has been revoked is the law in effect at the maker's death. Appellant argues, however, that Levi Mitchell's will was, upon his subsequent marriage, revoked Eo instanti by operation of former G.S. § 31--5.3. If appellant's contention is valid, it is clear that there has been no revival of the will pursuant to G.S. § 31--5.8 which provides as follows:

'Revival of revoked will.--No will or any part thereof, which shall be in any manner revoked, can be revived otherwise than by a reexecution thereof, or by the execution of another will in which the revoked will or part thereof is incorporated by reference.'

We agree with appellees that a will is an ambulatory instrument and is entirely inoperative during the lifetime of the testator. As stated by our Supreme Court, "the will of a testator is ambulatory even to his death,' which means, in other words, that it is not fixed legally, but may be changed, even to the time of his death.' In Re Bennett, 180 N.C. 5, 11, 103 S.E. 917 (1920). Yet we do not agree that a revocation is ambulatory and dependent for effectiveness upon the law in force at the time of testator's death.

Revocation, being a thing done and complete, is not, in its nature ambulatory. The principles applicable to the reviving of wills revoked by acts of the makers are equally applicable to the reviving of wills revoked by operation of law, e.g., the effect of marriage; for in either case...