Mitchell v. State

• Decision Date: 13 December 1923
• Docket Number: 1 Div. 277.
• Citation: 210 Ala. 457,98 So. 285
• Parties: MITCHELL v. STATE.
• Court: Alabama Supreme Court

98 So. 285

210 Ala. 457

MITCHELL v. STATE.

1 Div. 277.

Supreme Court of Alabama

December 13, 1923

Appeal from Circuit Court, Mobile County; Saffold Berney, Judge.

Alex Mitchell was convicted of murder in the first degree, and appeals. Reversed and remanded.

Harwell G. Davis, Atty, Gen., and Lamar Field, Asst. Atty. Gen., for the State.

MILLER J.

Alex Mitchell, alias Shrimp Tail, was indicted, tried, and convicted of murder in the first degree. His punishment was fixed at death by the jury.

The defendant offered to prove by a witness that he (defendant) "had been drunk continuously for two weeks or more next immediately preceding the commission of the offense for which he was being tried." The objection of the state to this evidence was sustained by the court, and the defendant duly excepted. The bill of exceptions does not set out the evidence or its substance. It makes no statement of the evidence. "Immediately" means without interval of time, instantly, as here used. Instantly, without interval of time, immediately before the offense was committed, the defendant was drunk continuously for two weeks. This evidence would shed light on his mental condition at the time of the commission of the offense. This evidence was relevant and competent to go to the jury, to be considered by them in determining the question of intent. This ruling of the court was error. This court, in Chatham v. State, 92 Ala 47, 9 So. 607, stated:

"The decided weight of authority sustains the doctrine that evidence of the condition of the accused, although caused by voluntary drunkenness, is receivable, and may be considered by the jury in determining the question of intent."

See also, King v. State, 90 Ala. 612, h. n. 3, 8 So 856.

After the court orally charged the jury as to "what constituted murder in the first degree," and before the jury retired, the defendant requested the court "to charge the jury on the degrees of murder less than first degree, *** which the judge presiding refused to do." The court should have complied with this request of the defendant. The court should have so charged the jury without any request from the defendant. The statute (section 7087, Code 1907, makes it the duty of the jury to ascertain by their verdict whether it is murder in the first or second degree, if the defendant under the indictment and evidence is found guilty of murder. It was the duty of the court-mandatory duty of the court-to instruct the jury orally as to the different and distinguishing elements of each degree of murder. Without such instructions from the court the jury could not intelligently comply with their statutory duty. This right of the defendant to have the jury so charged by the court was valuable. The duty resting on the court to so charge the jury is imperative. The error committed by the court in refusing to do so is manifest. Section 7087, Code 1907; Brown v. State, 109 Ala. 70, 20 So. 103; De Bardelaben v. State, 205 Ala. 658, 88 So. 827; Warren v. State, 197 Ala. 313, 72 So. 624.

We cannot review the court and reverse this judgment of conviction for this clear error, because the defendant reserved no exception...