Moose v. Gregory, 79-300

• Decision Date: 13 November 1979
• Docket Number: No. 79-300,79-300
• Citation: 267 Ark. 86,590 S.W.2d 662
• Parties: James S. MOOSE, Jr. et al., Petitioners, v. David GREGORY et al., Respondents.
• Court: Arkansas Supreme Court

Page 662

590 S.W.2d 662

267 Ark. 86

James S. MOOSE, Jr. et al., Petitioners, v. David GREGORY et al., Respondents.

No. 79-300.

Supreme Court of Arkansas.

Nov. 13, 1979.

Edmund M. Massey, Morrilton, W. P. Hamilton, Little Rock, for petitioners.

Gordon, Gordon & Eddy, Morrilton, for respondents.

GEORGE ROSE SMITH, Justice.

In this case the Court of Appeals reversed the decision of the chancery court, essentially on the ground that the chancellor's conclusion was clearly against the preponderance of the evidence. Gregory v. Moose, --- Ark. ---, 590 S.W.2d 665 (1979). The petitioners, in seeking a review of the decision of the Court of Appeals, summarize their argument in the closing language of their petition for review:

The Court of Appeals reversed the findings of fact of the Chancellor when his findings were not clearly against a preponderance of the evidence. Hackworth v. First National Bank, 265 Ark. 668, 580 S.W.2d 465.

Public interest justifies a review, because it is of major importance and of first impression.

Counsel do not explain why the case is of major importance or in what way it is of first impression.

We are unanimously of the view that the petition for review should be denied. Ordinarily our order would be, simply: Petition denied. But the Court of Appeals is a new tribunal, created by the General Assembly under the authority of a constitutional amendment adopted only last year. Ark.Const. (1874), Amendment 58. This is one of the few petitions for review that have as yet been filed in the Supreme Court. It presents a peculiarly appropriate opportunity for us to explain why this petition, and similar ones that may be filed in the future, must be denied.

Amendment 58 contains only one sentence pertinent to questions of jurisdiction and review, as between the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals: "The Court of Appeals shall have such appellate jurisdiction as the Supreme Court shall by rule determine, and shall be subject to the general superintending control of the Supreme Court." Thus the amendment entrusts to the Supreme Court complete responsibility for determining both the initial jurisdiction of the Court of Appeals and the extent to which its decisions are reviewable.

The really important problem has proved to be that of determining how the Court of Appeals is to be fitted into the appellate system. It might be treated as a purely intermediate court, becoming merely an expensive and time-consuming level in the appellate structure. On the other hand, it might be treated as a court of final authority in the particular area of its own jurisdiction.

We adopted the latter view. We acknowledge our indebtedness to the wisdom of Dr. Robert A. Leflar, an outstanding professor of law and a former member of this court. Dr. Leflar repeatedly urged, from the time Amendment 58 was first proposed, that the new court should not merely add another step to the appellate process. To the contrary, Dr. Leflar urged that the proposed court of appeals have its own areas of jurisdiction, with corresponding final authority. It was Dr. Leflar's thought that cases requiring a determination of public policy or the setting of important precedent should be reserved for the supreme court, with more routine cases going to the court of appeals.

Last May, after the General Assembly had created the new Court of Appeals, we further implemented Amendment 58 by adopting and publishing Rule 29 of the Rules of the Supreme Court and Court of Appeals. That rule tentatively defines both the separate jurisdictions of the two courts and the narrow grounds on which a decision of the Court of Appeals will be reviewed by the Supreme Court. Fundamentally, Rule 29 embraces four basic points:

1. Certain cases, set forth in Section 1 of the rule, should be appealed to the Supreme Court in the first instance.

2. All other cases should be appealed to the Court of Appeals.

3. The Court of Appeals should transfer to the Supreme Court (a) any case that should have gone to the Supreme Court in the first instance and (b) any case that is found to involve an issue of significant public interest or a legal principle of major importance.

4. The Supreme Court may grant certiorari to review any case that should have come to the Supreme Court originally, that should have been transferred to the Supreme Court by the Court of Appeals, or that was decided in the Court of Appeals by a tie vote. (Otherwise the decision of the Court of Appeals will not be reviewed.)

We should emphasize the fact that we adopted Rule 29 to put into effect the basic purpose of Amendment 58 to the Constitution. That is, the volume of litigation in Arkansas had grown to such an extent that it could not be handled promptly and properly by a single appellate court. Before the submission of Amendment 58 the Supreme Court's caseload had more than doubled in about 15 years. Appeals were being filed at the rate of almost two a day for each of the 365 days in the year. It had become impossible for one court of last resort to give careful consideration to every case.

Amendment 58 addressed the problem by authorizing the General Assembly to create a court of appeals to shoulder part of the burden. The Amendment, it may be noted, also authorized the General Assembly to create divisions within the court of appeals, to provide for a still greater caseload in the future. Lastly, Amendment 58 vested in the Supreme Court the power to determine the jurisdiction of the court of appeals, so that the total caseload might be apportioned between the two appellate courts.

Rule 29, with such modifications as experience may suggest, is designed to carry Amendment 58 into effect. Ideally, the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals will each have its own field of primary jurisdiction. Ideally, each court will in effect be a court of last resort, with its decisions having a desirable finality. Ideally, it will be immaterial to the...