Morris County Nat. Bank v. Parrish

• Decision Date: 21 November 1918
• Docket Number: (No. 2034.)
• Parties: MORRIS COUNTY NAT. BANK v. PARRISH et al.
• Court: Texas Court of Appeals

207 S.W. 939

MORRIS COUNTY NAT. BANK v. PARRISH et al.

(No. 2034.)

Court of Civil Appeals of Texas. Texarkana.

November 21, 1918.

On Appellant's Motion for Rehearing, December 19, 1918.

Appeal from District Court, Morris County; J. A. Ward, Judge.

Suit by the Morris County National Bank against W. M. Parrish and others. From judgment for defendants, plaintiff appeals. Reversed, and cause remanded.

Appellee Parrish was county treasurer of Morris county. The other appellees were sureties on a bond made by him as such treasurer in November, 1914. Appellant claimed to be the duly qualified depository, under the act of 1905 (Vernon's Statutes, arts. 2440 to 2453), of moneys belonging to said county. The suit was by appellant on said bond for $6,245.61, which it claimed to be damages it was entitled to because of the failure, it alleged, of Parrish as such treasurer to comply with section 24 (Vernon's Statutes, art. 2444) of said act, which required him to turn over to it moneys in his hands as such treasurer.

At the trial the bond sued upon was identified by J. D. Lasater, county clerk of Morris county in 1914, testifying as a witness, as the bond made by said Parrish as county treasurer in November of that year. Appellant thereupon offered the bond as evidence, together with a certificate of the county judge of Morris county, attached thereto, showing it to have been "approved in open commissioners' court"; but on appellees' objection thereto on the ground (1) that it was not conditioned as the law required such bonds to be, and (2) that it did not appear from testimony competent to prove the fact that it had been approved by the commissioners' court, the bond was excluded. Appellant then offered to prove by the witness Lasater that, while the minutes of the commissioners' court did not show it, as a matter of fact the bond was duly approved by that court November 10, 1914. The testimony was excluded on the theory, it seems, that the approval of the bond by the commissioners' court could be shown in no other way than by an order entered in the minutes of the proceedings of that court. After excluding the bond as evidence, the trial court instructed the jury to return a verdict in appellees' favor. The appeal is from a judgment in accordance with such a verdict.

Mahaffey, Keeney & Dalby, of Texarkana, for appellant.

P. A. Turner, of Texarkana, and Henderson & Bolin, of Daingerfield, for appellees.

WILLSON, C. J. (after stating the facts as above).

The contentions presented by the assignments are that the trial court erred: (1) When he refused to permit appellant to prove by the witness Lasater that the bond sued upon was duly approved by the commissioners' court; and (2) when he excluded the bond as evidence. It would serve no useful purpose to determine whether the trial court erred as claimed or not, for, if it were determined that he did, we would be bound, nevertheless, to affirm the judgment. It does not appear from the record that appellant either proved or offered to prove that Parrish as county treasurer held moneys he was bound, and failed, to turn over to it. Without such proof, and proof showing the amount of such moneys, appellant would not have been entitled, had the bond been admitted as evidence, to judgment against appellees. It does not appear from anything in the record that appellant could have made such proof, and we have no right to assume that it could have made it. Therefore, were it conceded that the trial court erred as claimed, we could not say, as we must to reverse the judgment, that the error "probably caused the rendition of an improper judgment in the case." Rule 62a for the Government of Courts of Civil Appeals; Ry. Co. v. Shinn, 153 S. W. 636; Hopkins v King, 204 S. W. 360; Ry. Co. v. Miller, 190 S. W. 819; Lumber Co. v. Oil Co., 194 S. W. 633.

The judgment is affirmed.

On Appellant's Motion for Rehearing.

Prior to November 15, 1912, the date when rule 62a for the government of the Courts of Civil Appeals (149 S. W. x) was promulgated by the Supreme Court, it was the practice of the appellate courts, when it appeared that a trial court had committed error in the trial of a cause, to reverse the judgment, unless it also appeared from the record that injury to the appellant had not resulted from the error. In other words, error appearing, the appellate court would assume it resulted in injury to the appellant, unless the contrary appeared in the record. The effect of rule 62a was to change this practice, and to forbid the reversal of a judgment by a Court of Civil Appeals, unless it appeared from the record, not only that error was committed in the trial, but also that the error "amounted to such a denial of the rights of the appellant as was reasonably calculated to cause and probably did cause the rendition of an improper judgment in the case, or was such as probably prevented the appellant from making a proper presentation of the case to the appellate court." In other words, reversing the former practice, error appearing, the appellate court was to treat it as harmless, unless the contrary appeared in the record. Wells Fargo & Co. v. Benjamin, 165 S. W. 120, 127; Surety Co. v. Hardwick, 186 S. W. 804, 806; Ry. Co. v. Miller, 190 S. W. 819, 822; and cases cited in the opinion affirming the judgment, filed November 21st, last. It was because we thought the cause was within the prohibition against reversals declared in said rule 62a, in that it did not appear from the record that injury to appellant resulted from the exclusion of the bond sued upon as evidence, that this court affirmed the judgment without determining whether it was error to exclude the bond or not. This view of the record is vigorously attacked as erroneous; and, as supporting a contrary view, appellant cites many cases decided by the courts of this state prior to the time when said rule 62a was adopted, holding, in effect, as the court did in McCarty v. Wood, 42 Tex. 39, in accordance with the practice then prevailing, that injury will be presumed when the trial court "erroneously excludes the evidence which constitutes the foundation of the action or the defense, under such circumstances as that it cannot be reasonably expected that it can be supplied by other evidence."

Further consideration of the question has convinced a majority of the members of the court that the view contended for by appellant is the correct one, notwithstanding the prohibition in rule 62a, and therefore, if it was error to exclude the bond as evidence, that the motion should be granted, the judgment reversed, and the cause remanded for a new trial. The writer is not satisfied that the view first taken by this court was erroneous. As stated in the opinion presenting that view, it did not appear from anything in the record that appellant offered to prove, or could have proven, that there had been a breach...