Morrison v. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DOES

• Decision Date: 19 August 1999
• Docket Number: No. 97-AA-1293.,97-AA-1293.
• Citation: 736 A.2d 223
• Parties: William MORRISON, Petitioner, v. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF EMPLOYMENT SERVICES, Respondent, Washington Hospital Center, Intervenor.
• Court: D.C. Court of Appeals

736 A.2d 223

William MORRISON, Petitioner, v. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF EMPLOYMENT SERVICES, Respondent, Washington Hospital Center, Intervenor.

No. 97-AA-1293.

District of Columbia Court of Appeals.

Argued September 22, 1998.

Decided August 19, 1999.

George E. Swegman, Washington, DC, for petitioner.

John C. Duncan, III, Alexandria, VA, for intervenor.

Jo Anne Robinson, Principal Deputy Corporation Counsel at the time the brief was filed, and Charles L. Reischel, Deputy Corporation Counsel, filed a Statement in Lieu of Brief for respondent.

Before TERRY and RUIZ, Associate Judges, and PRYOR, Senior Judge.

RUIZ, Associate Judge:

This appeal presents the question whether an injured worker may receive benefits for more than one disability resulting from the same injury. In this case, petitioner, an X-ray technician, was injured while lifting a patient out of a wheelchair. As a result of this injury, he was unable to return to his full-duty position at Washington Hospital Center, and subsequently obtained a light-duty X-ray technician position with a different employer, but at a reduced salary. The Director of the Department of Employment Services (DOES) determined that the petitioner was entitled to payments for a "schedule injury" under D.C.Code § 36-308(3)(A) (1997), based on a permanent partial disability to his right arm. On appeal, petitioner contends that he is entitled to additional, permanent partial disability "nonschedule" benefits under D.C.Code § 36-308(3)(V) for his shoulder disability. Because the hearing examiner did not make a clear factual finding as to whether petitioner suffers from a disability to his shoulder in addition to the disability to his arm, we vacate the Director's decision and remand for a determination of the extent of petitioner's disability. Should the agency find that petitioner has a shoulder disability, we hold that petitioner is entitled to both schedule and non-schedule benefits if he is able to show that the shoulder disability led to wage loss.

I.

This court reviews the Director's final decision, see Washington Metro. Area Transit Auth. (WMATA) v. District of Columbia Dep't of Employment Servs., 683 A.2d 470, 472 (D.C.1996),

to determine whether it is supported by "substantial evidence." D.C.Code § 1-1510(a)(3)(E) (1999). Substantial evidence is "`more than a mere scintilla;'" rather, it is "`such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.'" George Hyman Constr. Co. v. District of Columbia Dep't of Employment Servs., 498 A.2d 563, 566 (D.C.1985) (quoting Consolidated Edison Co. v. NLRB, 305 U.S. 197, 229, 59 S.Ct. 206, 83 L.Ed. 126 (1938) (citations omitted)). Where questions of law are at issue, however, this court reviews the Director's rulings de novo, see KOH Sys. v. District of Columbia Dep't of Employment Servs., 683 A.2d 446, 449 (D.C.1996), deferring to the Director's interpretation of the statute it enforces unless the interpretation "`conflicts with the statute, is inconsistent with the [governing] regulation, or otherwise is contrary to established legal doctrine.'" Id. at 449-50 (quoting Gunty v. Department of Employment Servs., 524 A.2d 1192, 1196 (D.C.1987)) (alteration in original).

The statute that provides for payments for permanent partial disabilities divides such disabilities into two categories: "schedule" and "non-schedule." D.C.Code § 36-308(3)(A)-(M) lists certain parts of the body which, if permanently disabled, entitle the worker to disability payments equal to the number of weeks' compensation listed for that body part in the schedule. D.C.Code § 36-308(V) provides a formula for compensating disabilities that are not expressly set out in the schedule, measured in terms of actual wages lost as a result of the disability. A worker who suffers a schedule disability, i.e., one for which the statute provides a fixed payment in terms of weeks of compensation, may not opt to recover actual lost wages in lieu of the fixed amount available for such a disability. See Lenaerts v. District of Columbia Dep't of Employment Servs., 545 A.2d 1234, 1238 (D.C. 1988)

(citing Potomac Electric Power Co. v. Director, Office of Workers' Compensation Programs, 449 U.S. 268, 101 S.Ct. 509, 66 L.Ed.2d 446 (1980)). Petitioner contends that he is not attempting to change the basis of payment for the disability to his arm, but rather to recover for the additional disability he suffered to his shoulder which is compensable in terms of actual lost wages.

We have not yet decided whether a worker is entitled to receive both schedule and non-schedule disability payments for multiple disabilities arising from the same work-injury. Intervenor, the Washington Hospital Center, maintains that Kovac v. Avis Leasing Corp., H & AS No. 84-177, OWC No. 0000792 (July 17, 1986), limits petitioner's remedy to schedule loss benefits. In Kovac, the Director concluded that the situs of the disability, not the situs of the injury, controls, see id. at 6, but expressly left open the question of whether a petitioner may obtain both schedule and wage loss benefits concurrently where there is only one injury. See id. at 6-7. Therefore, Kovac is not controlling on our facts.¹ In WMATA, supra, this court held that the Director's interpretation in Kovac—that the situs of the disability controls—was reasonable. See id. at 475. We also recognized the possibility that a petitioner may be entitled to both schedule and non-schedule awards for multiple disabilities resulting from a single injury. See id. at 472, 474 n. 4 (noting that stipulation agreement between employer and employee, in which employer provided wage loss compensation for back disability, did not preclude employee from seeking schedule award for "separate and distinguishable" leg disability resulting from same injury). However, this multiple disability issue was not directly presented to the WMATA court, nor have we had the opportunity since WMATA to decide whether the Workers' Compensation Act, D.C.Code § 36-301 et seq., permits concurrent benefits on proof of multiple disabilities.

Since Kovac, the Director has expressly held that a claimant is entitled to both schedule and non-schedule benefits for multiple disabilities stemming from the same injury. See Fawley v. EGS Masonry, Inc., Dir. Dkt. No. 86-31, H & AS No. 84-296, OWC No. 001335 (Oct. 18, 1988) (awarding non-schedule wage loss benefits upon finding that claimant suffered a disability to his shoulder as well as to his arm from a single injury); see also Gill v. Health Care Inst., H & AS No. 87-575, OWC No. 0089494 (Nov. 30, 1987) (awarding non-schedule benefits after concluding that claimant disabled both left arm and the left upper extremity). This approach is consistent with both our case law, see WMATA, supra, 683 A.2d at 475 (situs of disability, not situs of injury, controls), and the overall purpose of the statute. See, e.g., Kolson v. District of Columbia Dep't of Employment Servs., 699 A.2d 357, 359 (D.C.1997)

(noting presumption of compensability "designed to effectuate the humanitarian purposes of the statute"). Therefore, we hold that when a petitioner suffers multiple disabilities from a single injury, that petitioner is entitled to both schedule and non-schedule benefits, subject to proof that the non-schedule disability led to wage loss. See KOH Sys., supra,

683 A.2d at 449-50 (deferring to Director's interpretation of statute agency enforces unless interpretation conflicts with statute or is contrary to established legal doctrine).

II.

Petitioner asserts that the hearing examiner erred by acknowledging a permanent shoulder disability in the compensation order, but denying wage loss benefits nonetheless.² The hearing examiner did not, however, make a specific finding as to the existence of a shoulder disability, but instead awarded schedule benefits³ for a disability to the "right upper extremity."⁴ The hearing examiner denied petitioner's requested wage loss benefits for his shoulder disability despite language in the compensation order suggesting that petitioner suffered both an arm and a shoulder impairment. While discussing the situs of the disability, the hearing examiner's compensation order relied on petitioner's testimony to find that the "actual loss of function is to the extremity itself, and extends all the way down to the hand," concluding "that it is his arm which, as a result of the work-injury, has become impaired and not merely his shoulder." (emphasis added). Notwithstanding these conclusions, the hearing examiner, relying entirely on Dr. Gunther's 1989 medical report stating that petitioner has a permanent loss of 10% of the function of the "right upper extremity," denied petitioner's claim for nonschedule benefits and awarded him benefits based on a partial loss of function of his arm.

Not only does the compensation order appear to recognize petitioner's shoulder disability claim, there is also additional evidence in the record, overlooked in the compensation order, which supports this claim. A review of Dr. Gunther's medical reports in their entirety bolsters petitioner's contention that he experienced shoulder impairment as a result of the work-related injury. Dr. Gunther's treatment notes consistently reference petitioner's acute shoulder pain. For example, in his November 6, 1989 report, Dr. Gunther relates petitioner's subjective complaint that he experiences substantial pain in his shoulder when he moves his arm overhead. Dr. Gunther notes further that, although petitioner can "abduct and flex up overhead," he lacks about thirty degrees of the normal range of motion. In explaining his disability rating, Dr. Gunther states:

I feel that based on his rotator cuff tear, the pain which he claims to have, and the fact that he has a basically good arm with good function, I feel that he has a permanent [partial] loss of 10% of the function of the right upper extremity.

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