Mozer v. Semenza

• Decision Date: 27 July 1965
• Docket Number: 64-920,Nos. 64-919,s. 64-919
• Citation: 177 So.2d 880
• Parties: Rose MOZER, d/b/a the Bayshore Hotel, Appellant, v. Philip SEMENZA, Appellee. Rose MOZER, d/b/a the Bayshore Hotel, Appellant, v. George DRUTZROVSKY, Appellee.
• Court: Florida District Court of Appeals

Page 880

177 So.2d 880

Rose MOZER, d/b/a the Bayshore Hotel, Appellant, v. Philip SEMENZA, Appellee.

Rose MOZER, d/b/a the Bayshore Hotel, Appellant, v. George DRUTZROVSKY, Appellee.

Nos. 64-919, 64-920.

District Court of Appeal of Florida, Third District.

July 27, 1965.

Rehearing Denied Sept. 9, 1965.

Carey, Terry, Dwyer, Austin, Cole & Stephens and Edward A. Perse, Miami, for appellant.

Nichols, Gaither, Beckham, Colson & Spence, Miami, for appellees.

Before HENDRY, C. J., and TILLMAN PEARSON and CARROLL, JJ.

TILLMAN PEARSON, Judge.

Each of these appeals is by the defendant innkeeper from a final judgment entered pursuant to a jury verdict in favor of a plaintiff-guest in a negligence action. Each plaintiff individually brought suit against the defendant. Their causes were consolidated for trial at the conclusion of which each received a judgment in accordance with a jury verdict. The defendant has appealed in each case and the appeals were consolidated in this Court. The complaints alleged causes of action based upon identical facts. The defendant was the owner of the Bayshore Hotel in Miami, Florida. It was a three-story, allwood frame building containing 29 rooms. The building had an open interior stairwell running from the ground to the third floor.

The plaintiffs were Pennsylvania truck drivers laying over in Miami and were guests in defendant's Hotel occupying a room on the second floor near the stairs. At about 11:00 p. m. one evening they went upstairs and to bed. Sometime after 2:00 a. m. they were awakened and found their room filled with smoke and flames, they jumped out of bed, ran to the stairs and started down. As they rushed from the room down the interior stairwell, they fell, were burned and seriously injured.

At the trial it was brought out that more than a year earlier, a City of Miami fire inspector had inspected the premises in the course of his duties and had spoken to the owner about the danger of the unenclosed stairwell. The fire inspector testified that he warned the appellant that as maintained the stairway constituted a hazardous condition. Another inspector who visited the Hotel approximately five months prior to the fire observed the same condition.

In addition to the two fire inspectors who were permitted to testify at the trial as experts, the plaintiff offered the testimony of an architectural expert who testified that in his opinion, the Hotel as constructed was not reasonably safe with regard to 'fire resistivity'.

The fire was started in two first-floor rooms by an arsonist who had set several other fires that evening.

It appears without controversy that the appellant had no statutory duty to provide premises constructed without an open stairwell. Section 509.211(3), Fla.Stat., F.S.A., contains a grandfather clause exempting existing buildings from its operation. It is undisputed that appellant's Hotel was constructed and being used as a public lodging prior to the passage of this section. In addition, it is also conceded that Section 104.9 of the Florida Building Code, which is in effect in Dade County and which likewise prohibits open stairwells was passed and adopted after the construction of appellant's building and it likewise contains a grandfather clause.

Upon these essential facts the appellant urges, first, that the judgments should be reversed because there is no statutory or common law duty to maintain a hotel of fire proof construction and design. In support of appellant's position that there was no statutory or common law duty he urges no Florida case but cites: Crooke v. Lumpkin, 1953, 89 Ga. App. 277, 79 S.E.2d 321; Irwin v. Torbert, 1948, 204 Ga. 111, 49 S.E.2d 70; Smith v. The Texan Inc., Tex.Civ.App.1944, 180 S.W.2d 1010; Hays v. The Texan Inc., Tex.Civ.App.1943, 174 S.W.2d 1006; National Hotel Co. v. Motley, Tex.Civ.App.1938, 123 S.W.2d 461; Baugh v. McClesky, Tex.Civ.App.1927, 292 S.W. 950. We think these cases adequately support appellant's proposition that there is no duty to maintain a 'fire proof hotel'. We do not think, however, that they are sufficient to establish that an innkeeper may maintain any type of a structure that he may so choose without liability. The applicable principle in this case is that it is the duty of an innkeeper to provide reasonably safe premises for the housing of its guests. Goldin v. Lipkind, Fla.1950, 49 So.2d 539, 27 A.L.R.2d 816; Rubey v. William Morris, Inc., Fla.1963, 66 So.2d 218. The question then is whether or not the evidence before the jury was such as to permit them to find that the building maintained by appellant was not reasonably safe for use as a hotel. To apply the inquiry to the facts of this particular case we must determine whether the common-law duty to maintain reasonably safe premises is violated by the maintenance of an unenclosed stairwell in a woodframe building. We hold that the jury had before it evidence upon which it could legally find that the premises as maintained by the defendant were so dangerous as to constitute a violation of the landlord's duty to his guests.

Appellant urges that to so hold is an invasion of the legislative field because the Florida Statutes and the Florida Building Code, by including grandfather clauses, specifically permitted the maintenance of open stairwells in existing buildings. On this basis it is urged that if it was the legislative intent to impose civil responsibility for the maintenance of this type of building, they would not have included or subsequently would have repealed the grandfather clauses involved. We think that this argument is not applicable because the statute and the building ordinance here involved are both penal in nature, and while the violation of a law or an ordinance penal in nature may be determinative of the existence of negligence, it cannot be said that all negligence must be...