National Equipment Rental, Ltd. v. Miller

• Decision Date: 17 January 1977
• Docket Number: Docket No. 27466
• Citation: 251 N.W.2d 611,73 Mich.App. 421
• Parties: NATIONAL EQUIPMENT RENTAL, LTD., a Delaware Corporation, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. C. Robert MILLER and Elsie C. Miller, d/b/a Sound Associates, jointly and severally, Defendants-Appellees.
• Court: Court of Appeal of Michigan — District of US

Page 611

251 N.W.2d 611

73 Mich.App. 421

NATIONAL EQUIPMENT RENTAL, LTD., a Delaware Corporation, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. C. Robert MILLER and Elsie C. Miller, d/b/a Sound

Associates, jointly and severally, Defendants-Appellees.

Docket No. 27466.

Court of Appeals of Michigan.

Jan. 17, 1977.

Released for Publication March 21, 1977.

Degroot, Kalliel, Triant & Conklin, P. C. by William J. Ewald, Grand Rapids, for plaintiff-appellant.

Daniel B. Hess, Grand Rapids, for defendants-appellees.

Before BRONSON, P. J., and J. H. GILLIS and V. J. BRENNAN, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

Plaintiff appeals by leave granted April 21, 1976, from an order issued January 6, 1976, in the Kent County Circuit Court denying its motion for summary judgment. This case presents a question of first impression in the law of conflicts. Jurisdiction over the parties before the Michigan courts is not in issue. Defendants challenge plaintiff's claim to full faith and credit on a judgment entered against them by a New York court that took jurisdiction of the action pursuant to language in the contract negotiated between plaintiff and defendant for certain recording equipment. This language specified that venue for all causes arising under the lease agreement and guarantee of payment would be in New York state. The New York court honored the service made upon defendants by certified mail.

Plaintiff instituted the present suit to enforce the New York judgment in Kent County Circuit Court on July 29, 1974. Defendants answered plaintiff's complaint by asserting that the New York court did not obtain lawful jurisdiction over them. A motion for summary judgment under GCR 1963, 117.2(2) and 117.2(3) was filed by plaintiff on grounds that (1) defendant had failed to state a valid defense to plaintiff's claim and that (2) no genuine issue of fact existed. Plaintiff also claimed a right to judgment as a matter of law by virtue of the full faith and credit clause of the Federal Constitution. During oral argument of the motion on August 8, 1975, defendants acknowledged that they had received copies of the summons and complaint by certified mail. At the conclusion of oral arguments, the trial judge requested briefs on the issue of summary judgment, which the parties duly submitted. On October 31, 1975, the trial court denied plaintiff's motion, stating that existing Federal law was not binding upon him in the present case. See National Equipment Rental, Ltd. v. Szukhent, 375 U.S. 311, 84 S.Ct. 411, 11 L.Ed.2d 354 (1964).

We are of the opinion that the New York court obtained valid jurisdiction over defendants. In this regard, plaintiff argues that § 32 of the second Restatement of Conflicts will completely resolve the matter of jurisdiction in its favor. Restatement Conflict of Laws 2d, § 32, p. 135 and comment i. We do not read the section cited as dispositive of the jurisdictional question. Nevertheless, we do believe the method of service employed in the instant case is permissible by general principles of conflicts law. See Restatement Conflicts, § 75, p. 111, and comments (allowing certified mail as a method of service "reasonably calculated" to give defendants knowledge of suit and an opportunity to have any defenses heard).

Since the basis for jurisdiction was by the contractual agreement of the parties, decisions from New York noted by defendants which concern that state's "long arm" statute are not relevant to this case. See generally New England Laminates Co., Inc. v. Murphy, 79 Misc.2d 1025, 362 N.Y.S.2d 730, 733 (1974). We do not believe that defendants' actions in contracting in Michigan with a Tennessee vendor would bring them under New York's "long arm" statute. See 7B McKinney CPLR § 302 (1974). What we do recognize is that parties may expressly consent to jurisdiction and methods of process. Gilbert v. Burnstine, 255 N.Y. 348, 174 N.E. 706, 707-708 (1931). See Restatement Conflicts, § 81, p. 121, Illustration 2. See also Restatement Conflicts, § 492, p. 599 and comment b, and § 589, p. 706.

The parties have pointed to no Michigan cases which have decided the question of recognition of foreign judgments rendered by certified mail notice. However, reversing the instant order denying summary judgment to plaintiff would not conflict with Michigan's basic position that a foreign judgment is conclusive, if jurisdiction has been obtained over parties and the subject matter. See Wagner v. Rychwalski, 310 Mich. 399, 403-404, 17 N.W.2d 229 (1945); Bishop v. Dodge, 196 Mich. 231, 238, 162 N.W. 1002 (1917); Mutual Fire Insurance Co. v. Phoenix Furniture Co., 108 Mich. 170, 172, 66 N.W. 1095, 34 L.R.A. 694, 62 Am.St.Rep. 693 (1895).

Generally, Michigan recognizes that procedural matters are governed by the law of the forum where the action was instituted. See 5 Callaghan's Michigan Civil Jurisprudence, Conflict of Laws § 72, p. 181. Accordingly, the forum court initially decides the place of contracting and applies the law of the locality of the contract to establish rights under the agreement. See 5 Callaghan's Michigan Civil Jurisprudence, Conflict of Laws § 19, p. 133. As the forum, New York applied its procedural rules and substantive law in rendering the judgment against plaintiffs. The conflicts of law approach in Michigan directs recognition of this judgment.

Michigan long ago joined the majority of jurisdictions that view as valid agreements that limit to specified courts the venue of existing causes of action arising under contracts so negotiated between parties. Grand Trunk Western R. Co. v. Boyd, 321 Mich. 693, 33 N.W.2d 120 (1948), rev'd on other grounds, 338 U.S. 263, 70 S.Ct. 26, 94 L.Ed. 55 (1949); Garavaglia v. Department of Revenue, 338 Mich. 467, 61 N.W.2d 612 (1953), cited in 56 A.L.R.2d 300, § 8. Likewise, judgments confessed in foreign jurisdictions pursuant to contract clauses have been given full faith and credit, and warrants of attorney have been recognized as conferring necessary...