O'Neal v. Kenny, 06-3893.

• Decision Date: 06 September 2007
• Docket Number: No. 06-3893.,06-3893.
• Citation: 501 F.3d 969
• Parties: Keva Tyree O'NEAL, Appellant, v. Michael KENNY, Warden, Nebraska State Penitentiary, Appellee.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Eighth Circuit

501 F.3d 969

Keva Tyree O'NEAL, Appellant, v. Michael KENNY, Warden, Nebraska State Penitentiary, Appellee.

No. 06-3893.

United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.

Submitted: June 12, 2007.

Filed: September 6, 2007.

James C. Streker, argued, Columbus, NE, for appellant.

J. Kirk Brown, argued, Lincoln, NE, for appellee.

Before MELLOY, SMITH, and GRUENDER, Circuit Judges.

SMITH, Circuit Judge.

Keva Tyree O'Neal seeks federal habeas corpus relief from a 1997 Nebraska criminal judgment. The district court¹ denied relief, concluding that his petition was time barred and violated the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act's (AEDPA) prohibition against filing multiple habeas petitions. The district court, however, did grant O'Neal's application for a certificate of appealability. We affirm.

I. Background

O'Neal pleaded no contest in a Nebraska state court to three counts of attempted assault in the first degree and two counts of use of a deadly weapon to commit a felony. State v. O'Neal, No. A-04-536, 2005 WL 1022027 (Neb.App.2005) (unpublished). O'Neal failed to file for state or federal post-conviction relief within one year of the date on which his conviction became final and thus failed to comply with AEDPA's statute of limitations requirements. 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(1)(A).

Two weeks after the AEDPA statute of limitations had expired, O'Neal sought state post-conviction relief. Four years later, while the state post-conviction relief was pending, he filed a petition for habeas relief in federal district court. The federal district court dismissed his petition as time barred. After the federal court dismissed O'Neal's petition, a state court granted O'Neal post-conviction relief in the form of "a new direct appeal" based upon his court-appointed counsel's failure to submit an adequate poverty affidavit prior to his original appeal.

After his success in the state courts, O'Neal filed a second petition in federal district court seeking federal habeas relief. The district court, sua sponte, determined that the grant of a new direct appeal did not affect AEDPA's statute of limitations requirement and, therefore, the petition remained time barred. The court also determined that AEDPA's prohibition against filing multiple habeas petitions prevented the court from granting relief. 28 U.S.C. § 2244(b).

The district court certified these two independent grounds for dismissal to this court: "(1) whether or not the AEDPA statute of limitations calculation is affected when a new direct appeal is granted to a state prisoner on post-conviction review, and the prisoner's original direct appeal is vacated, thereby altering the date of `finality' of the judgment of conviction" and "(2) whether or not, under such circumstances, a petitioner's request for relief from judgment in a closed habeas case should be treated as a second or successive habeas corpus petition for which the petitioner must first obtain certification from the appropriate Circuit Court of Appeals pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2244(b)."

II. Discussion

We review de novo the district court's AEDPA statute of limitations determination. Painter v. Iowa, 247 F.3d 1255, 1256 (8th Cir.2001). AEDPA requires a state prisoner seeking federal habeas relief to file a petition with the district court within one year after a state conviction becomes final. § 2244(d)(1)(A). A judgment is final, for these purposes, 90 days after the conclusion of "direct review" within the state appellate system. Id.; Curtiss v. Mount Pleasant Corr. Facility, 338 F.3d 851, 853 (8th Cir.2003).

O'Neal received a new direct appeal as state post-conviction relief. He avers that Nebraska's grant of a new direct appeal restores him to the state's original direct review process. Thus, he contends that his conviction is not final and that the habeas statute of limitations, consequently, has not expired. Nebraska, on the other hand, argues that the new direct appeal is merely a form of post-conviction relief that does not restore O'Neal to the state's direct review process. Therefore, Nebraska reasons, the finality of the judgment is unaffected, the AEDPA statute of limitations has already expired, and O'Neal is ineligible to seek federal habeas relief.

To determine whether a new direct appeal constitutes direct review within the meaning of AEDPA, we must examine the underlying state law. Frasch v. Peguese, 414 F.3d 518, 522 (4th Cir.2005); Bridges v. Johnson, 284 F.3d 1201, 1202 (11th Cir. 2002); Salinas v. Dretke, 354 F.3d 425 (5th Cir.2004). The Nebraska Supreme Court has explicitly rejected O'Neal's argument. In State v. McCracken, the court held that the grant of a new direct appeal constitutes a new appellate process and does not reinstate the original appellate process. State v. McCracken, 259 Neb. 1049, 615 N.W.2d 882, 882 (2000); State v. McCracken, 260 Neb. 234, 615 N.W.2d 902 (2000) (McCracken II) ("[W]e conclude that a district court should more properly grant a `new direct appeal' rather than `reinstate' a past one."). This independent appellate mechanism allows a defendant to adjudicate alleged errors without disturbing the original criminal judgment. State v. Meers, 267 Neb. 27, 671 N.W.2d 234, 237 (2003). In both his brief and at oral argument, O'Neal conceded that under, Nebraska law, the grant of a new direct appeal does not reverse the clock, but places him on a new appellate path. (Pet. Br.10) ("Thus O'Neal at best can only get a new direct appeal rather than getting his previous appeal reinstated . . . ."). We agree and hold that, under Nebraska law, a new direct appeal does not constitute direct review for AEDPA purposes.

In the alternative, O'Neal, citing Orange v. Calbone, 318 F.3d 1167 (10th Cir.2003), argues that the unique circumstances present in this case—including a state...