New Jersey Bell Telephone Co. v. N.L.R.B.

• Decision Date: 07 November 1983
• Docket Number: No. 83-3069,83-3069
• Parties: 114 L.R.R.M. (BNA) 3337, 99 Lab.Cas. P 10,533 NEW JERSEY BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY, Petitioner, v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD, Respondent.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Third Circuit

Page 789

720 F.2d 789

114 L.R.R.M. (BNA) 3337, 99 Lab.Cas. P 10,533

NEW JERSEY BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY, Petitioner, v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD, Respondent.

No. 83-3069.

United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.

Argued Sept. 27, 1983.

Decided Nov. 7, 1983.

James F. Brady (argued), Newark, N.J., for petitioner.

Helen Morgan, Daniel R. Pollitt (argued), Attys., William A. Lubbers, Gen. Counsel, John E. Higgins, Jr., Deputy Gen. Counsel, Robert E. Allen, Associate Gen. Counsel, Elliott Moore, Deputy Associate Gen. Counsel, N.L.R.B., Washington, D.C., for respondent.

Before ALDISERT and BECKER, Circuit Judges, and POLLAK, District Judge. ^*

OPINION OF THE COURT

ALDISERT, Circuit Judge.

In this petition to review and cross-application for enforcement of a decision and order of the National Labor Relations Board, we are asked to decide whether the New Jersey Bell Telephone Company may properly condition release of personal information contained in employee attendance records to a labor organization on employee consent. The Board found that the Company violated Sec. 8(a)(5) and (1) of the National Labor Relations Act, 29 U.S.C. Sec. 158(a)(5), and (1) (1976), by refusing to release information necessary in processing a grievance when its employees declined to authorize disclosure. Because we conclude that the absence and tardiness records are confidential under the terms of the Company's Employee Privacy Protection Plan, the petition to review is granted and the cross-application for enforcement denied.

I.

In early 1980, New Jersey Bell Telephone Company instituted its Employee Privacy Protection Plan, which provides that the Company will not release personal information about its employees to persons outside the Company without employee authorization. ¹ This dispute arose when three employees reported to work late on December 3, 1980 and were marked tardy. In the process of determining whether to file a grievance, the Communication Workers of America, Local 1023, AFL-CIO, requested the Company to furnish it with the absence and tardiness records of the three employees. Relying on its Privacy Plan, the Company advised the Union that it could have the information only if the employees authorized its release. When the Company sought authorization, however, the employees, at the Union's behest, withheld their consent, and consequently the information was not disclosed.

Although the grievance was eventually settled, the Union filed an unfair labor practice charge with the Board, contending that it was unconditionally entitled to the records. A hearing before an Administrative Law Judge followed, during which the intimate and highly personal nature of the information contained in the employees' absence and tardiness records was revealed. The records disclosed that reasons given for employee absences included colitis, insertion of urethral tubes, vaginal infections, scalded rectal areas and heart problems.

The ALJ dismissed the complaint in its entirety, concluding that the records contained confidential information under the teachings of both Supreme Court and Board precedent and therefore the Company could properly require employee consent prior to disclosure to the Union. The Board reversed, agreeing with the ALJ that disclosure of confidential information may be conditioned upon employee consent, but disagreeing as to the confidentiality of the absence and tardiness records. As this issue of confidentiality requires us to interpret and apply a legal precept, our review is plenary. Allied Chemical and Alkali Workers of America v. Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co., 404 U.S. 157, 182, 92 S.Ct. 383, 399, 30 L.Ed.2d 341 (1971); Universal Minerals, Inc. v. C.A. Hughes & Co., 669 F.2d 98, 102 (3d Cir.1981).

II.

As a general rule, an employer must provide a bargaining representative with relevant information necessary for the proper performance of its duties. NLRB v. Acme Industrial Co., 385 U.S. 432, 435-36, 87 S.Ct. 565, 567-68, 17 L.Ed.2d 495 (1967). The failure to provide such information constitutes a violation of Sec. 8(a)(5) and (1) of the Act, 29 U.S.C. Sec. 158(a)(5), (1). ²

This rule, however, is not absolute. The Supreme Court has recognized a limited exception for information that is confidential in nature. Detroit Edison Co. v. NLRB, 440 U.S. 301, 99 S.Ct. 1123, 59 L.Ed.2d 333 (1979). In Detroit Edison, the Court held that an employer did not violate the statutory duty to bargain in good faith by resisting an unconsented-to disclosure of individual employee aptitude test results to a union that was processing a grievance. The Court relied on three factors: (1) the sensitive nature of the information sought; (2) the minimal burden that a requirement of employee consent would impose on the union; and (3) the lack of evidence that the employer had fabricated concern for employee confidentiality only to frustrate the union in the discharge of its responsibilities. Id. at 319-20, 99 S.Ct. at 1133-34. The Court found that any possible impairment of the union's function in processing grievances is more than justified by the interests served in conditioning disclosure on the consent of the very employees whose grievances are being processed. Id. at 319, 99 S.Ct. at 1133. Those interests included the employees' privacy interests. Id. at 318, 99 S.Ct. at 1132.

To determine whether release of the records here may be conditioned on employee consent, we proceed by addressing each of the Detroit Edison factors. First, regarding confidentiality, it can scarcely be argued that the information contained in the records is not sensitive or confidential in nature. As we have indicated, many of the reasons given in the absence and tardiness records are of a highly personal nature. The records show, for example, that one Company employee suffered from diarrhea for two days, and was absent for an additional five days because in "treating for hemroids [sic] [, the employee] used too hot of water and too much epsom salts, [and] burnt the skin." Supp. app. to brief for the Board at 8a. It is difficult to imagine more intimate or personal employee data.

Second, the Company's requirement that releases be obtained from the employees is the same burden that was imposed on the union in Detroit Edison and held to be acceptable. We conclude, therefore, that this requirement permissibly places only a minimal burden on the Union. In addition, we note that it was not the Company's consent requirement but rather the Union's direction that consent be withheld that prevented the Union from obtaining the information it sought.

Finally, there is no evidence that the Privacy Plan was instituted to frustrate the Union in its role as employee representative. Importantly, the Plan applies to anyone seeking information about Company employees. Further, the Plan embodies, on its face, the laudable policy of protecting the employees' privacy rights. Under Detroit Edison, therefore, we conclude that the absence and tardiness records...