Noble v. People, 23663

• Decision Date: 28 December 1970
• Docket Number: No. 23663,23663
• Parties: Frank Albert NOBLE, Plaintiff in Error, v. The PEOPLE of the State of Colorado, Defendant in Error.
• Court: Colorado Supreme Court

Page 662

478 P.2d 662

173 Colo. 333

Frank Albert NOBLE, Plaintiff in Error, v. The PEOPLE of the State of Colorado, Defendant in Error.

No. 23663.

Supreme Court of Colorado, En Banc.

Dec. 28, 1970.

Davidovich & Diamond, Greenberg & Yoelin, Denver, for plaintiff in error.

Duke W. Dunbar, Atty. Gen., John P. Moore, Deputy Atty. Gen., George E. DeRoos, Asst. Atty. Gen., Denver, for defendant in error.

GROVES, Justice.

The defendant was convicted of the felony of receiving stolen property of a value of more than $50, and brings error. We reverse.

Originally the defendant was charged with burglary, conspiracy to commit burglary, larceny, conspiracy to commit larceny, receiving stolen property and conspiracy to receive stolen property. Prior to the end of the trial the district attorney obtained leave of court to withdraw the first four of these charges and there was submitted to the jury only the two counts of receiving stolen property and conspiracy to receive stolen property. The jury acquitted the defendant on the conspiracy count.

The stolen property consisted of a typewriter and an adding machine that were used in a dental office. These articles were taken in a burglary during the night of October 24, 1966. At about 6:00 p.m. on October 25, 1966, a police officer stopped the defendant, who was driving an automobile, because the car was making too much exhaust noise. The stolen articles were on the back seat of the vehicle.

One of the dentists occupying the office testified that he purchased the adding machine in 1959 for 'One hundred forty and some dollars.' A sales slip admitted into evidence disclosed that the purchase was made on February 26, 1959, for $143.50. He further testified that he had purchased the typewriter in 1948. There was no testimony as to the value of the typewriter and no further testimony concerning the value of the adding machine. The jury found that the value of the two articles was $95.

During the presentation of the People's case there was no evidence that the defendant had knowledge that the articles were stolen, except whatever inference or presumption might arise from the presence of the stolen articles in the car which the defendant was driving.

The court instructed the jury in Instruction No. 12 as follows:

'If you find from the evidence, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the property in controversy in this case was stolen from the possession of the alleged owner thereof, and that recently thereafter the same, or any part thereof, was found in the possession of the defendant, this may be a circumstance tending to show that the defendant Stole the property so found in his possession unless the evidence and testimony upon the trial show that he came into possession of the same honestly.

'In order to justify the inference of Larceny from the possession of stolen property, it is necessary that the property be found in the exclusive possession of the defendant; he can only be required to account for the possession of things which he actually and knowingly possessed.

'The possession must be personal, recent, and unexplained, and must involve a distinct and conscious assertion of property by the defendant.' (emphasis added.)

Neither side made any objection to this instruction, and its submission to the jury has not been raised as error here. For the benefit of the trial court in a new trial, we call attention to the erroneous references to stealing of property and to larceny.

The court held that the evidence was sufficient to support a finding by the jury that the value of the property was more than $50, citing Epstein v. Denver, 133 Colo. 104, 293 P.2d 308 (1956). Epstein was a condemnation proceeding in which it was held that, where a period of four years elapsed between the purchase and the condemnation, the amount of the purchase price was one of the facts that the jury might consider in establishing value. We do not regard Epstein as authority for establishing the value of personal property. There is just too much difference between the depreciation of land and office machines.

In Henson v. People, 166 Colo. 428, 444 P.2d 275 (1968), it was held that testimony that the value of the items was 'in the victinity of $50' was insufficient to support a conviction of larceny of goods having a value of more than $50. In Burns v. People, 148 Colo. 245, 365 P.2d 698 (1961), the owner testified that he had paid $811.80 for used tools and that this was their value at the time they were stolen. In addition, there was other testimony as to value.

For ought that appears in the record here the typewriter, which was eighteen years old, might have had no value or only a nominal value. The 9-year old adding machine purchased for $143.50 easily could have been worth materially less than $50. It is the obligation of the People to prove the reasonable market value of the goods at the time involved. Maisel v. People, 166 Colo. 161, 442 P.2d 399 (1968). There is a vast difference between the evidence of value in Burns and that here; I.e., in Burns the purchase price was 16 times $50. We hold that the People did not show the reasonable market value of the stolen property to be in excess of $50, and for this reason the conviction must be reversed and the cause remanded for retrial.

The defendant argued vigorously in the trial court and here that evidence of possession alone is not sufficient to support a conviction of Knowingly receiving possession of stolen property. The trial court ruled otherwise, possibly acting under the authority of Buckles v. People, 154 Colo. 357, 391 P.2d 873 (1964). This court...