Norwood v. State
| Decision Date | 11 May 2023 |
| Docket Number | 2021-KA-00903-SCT |
| Parties | ELMER NORWOOD v. STATE OF MISSISSIPPI |
| Court | Mississippi Supreme Court |
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT: OFFICE OF STATE PUBLIC DEFENDER BY GEORGE T. HOLMES ZAKIA B. CHAMBERLAIN
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL BY: ALEXANDRA ROSENBLATT
DISTRICT ATTORNEY: SCOTT WINSTON COLOM
BEFORE KING, P.J., COLEMAN AND BEAM, JJ.
¶1. Elmer Norwood appeals his conviction in the Oktibbeha County Circuit Court for aggravated domestic violence, claiming that his trial counsel was constitutionally ineffective for failing to introduce evidence that would have impacted his accuser's credibility. Finding no merit to Norwood's ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim, we affirm Norwood's conviction.
¶2. On June 15, 2019, Amy's[1] son Bradley dropped Amy off at her apartment complex sometime between 10:00 a.m. and 11:00 a.m. Amy walked up to her apartment and saw Norwood, with whom she was in a relationship at the time, standing outside her door. Amy went inside the apartment and would not let Norwood in. Amy testified that Norwood removed an air conditioning unit from her window and climbed inside the apartment.
¶3. Amy asked Norwood why he was inside her apartment after she told him he could not come inside. Sometime thereafter, Amy went into her bedroom. Norwood walked into Amy's bedroom and asked her what she was doing. Amy said she was getting clothes ready to go stay at her son's place for Father's Day. Norwood said okay and turned to walk away. Norwood then turned back toward Amy, grabbed her by the throat, and threw her inside the bedroom closet. Norwood began punching Amy and threw her on the bed.
¶4. Amy tried to defend herself, but Norwood threw her on the floor and began kicking her in the face. Amy testified that Norwood kicked her at least five to ten times, and she thought he was going to kill her.
¶5. Afterwards Norwood picked Amy up and told her to go wash her face. Amy went to the bathroom and cleaned her face. Amy said it felt like her jaw was broken, and she said that her face was turning purple. Amy then went into her living room and sat down. Norwood took her phone from her and would not give it back.
¶6. Amy asked Norwood if she could go to the store and get something to eat. Norwood agreed to let her go but insisted on going with her to make sure she did not call the police.
¶7. Around 4:30 p.m., the two walked to a nearby convenience store located on West Side Drive. Amy ordered a hamburger and they both got something to drink. Amy said she wanted to tell people in the store what had happened, but Norwood stood beside her the entire time.
¶8. The two left the store and walked back to Amy's apartment. Once inside, Amy lay down on the couch and fell asleep. When she awoke, Norwood was standing outside the apartment. She said that Norwood had placed her phone beside her.
¶9. Amy tried calling her son but could not reach him. She then called her ex-husband, who was able to contact Amy's son. Amy's mother, brother, and son arrived at the apartment soon after. Norwood was still there. Amy told them that Norwood had broken her jaw, and Amy's mother "yelled and cussed" Norwood.
¶10. Amy's family took her to the hospital in Starkville, Mississippi. A CT scan showed at least ten fractures to Amy's face. Due to the severity of Amy's broken jaw, the hospital transported Amy to the University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson for surgery. Amy's jaw has yet to heal properly, and she is still unable to wear her lower dentures.
¶11. Norwood was indicted for aggravated domestic violence. Prior to trial, the State moved in limine to exclude evidence of Amy's "drug use or drug related activities." ¶12. Norwood opposed the motion, noting that Amy had tested positive for methamphetamine at the hospital. He argued that Amy's purported drug use was relevant to the defense's theory that Amy "could have been confused, could have been disoriented, [or] could have simply been acting out."
¶13. The trial court agreed with Norwood, finding that "it's a fair inquiry to ask if Amy had been using methamphetamine or amphetamine the day" of the event since it could "affect her recollection of what happened." The trial court denied the State's motion in part, ruling that it would not allow any references to Amy's being a "crack head."
¶14. At trial, Amy's son testified that when he arrived at his mother's apartment, Norwood answered the door. There was blood all over Amy's bed. Amy's face was so swollen that she "was almost unrecognizable."
¶15. Amy's mother testified that when she arrived at Amy's apartment, Norwood was there. When Amy said Norwood was the one who had beaten her, Norwood stood "in the doorway with a smirk on his face."
¶16. At the time of the attack, Norwood was wearing a GPS monitoring device on his ankle. The State submitted a GPS report at trial that showed Norwood's location throughout the day on June 15. The report placed Norwood at Amy's apartment at the time Amy said her son had dropped her off around mid-morning June 15. Norwood remained at that location until approximately 4:27 p.m., when he left and traveled along West Side Drive. Norwood arrived back at Amy's apartment at approximately 4:51 p.m.
¶17. The GPS report matched Amy's testimony that Norwood was at her apartment when she said he was there, except for the brief period when the pair traveled to the convenience store on West Side Drive.
¶18. The State presented recorded phone conversations between Norwood and Amy that occurred when Norwood was in jail after his arrest for the assault. Norwood told Amy, "just don't show up" at trial, "[n]o witness, no case." Norwood told Amy he was "sorry for what happened." Amy also testified that an unknown man came to her apartment prior to trial and told her not to come to court because they were trying to give Norwood "twenty years."
¶19. The jury found Norwood guilty of aggravated domestic assault, and this appeal followed. The only issue presented is Norwood's claim that his trial counsel was constitutionally ineffective for not cross-examining Amy about her purported drug use.
¶20. To succeed on an ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim Norwood must meet the two prongs set forth in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984), as adopted by this Court in Stringer v. State, 454 So.2d 468, 476-78 (Miss. 1984). First, Norwood "must show that counsel's performance was deficient." Stringer, 454 So.2d at 477 (quoting Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687). Second, Norwood must also show that there is a "reasonable probability that, but for counsel's unprofessional errors, the result of the proceedings would have been different." Cabello v. State, 524 So.2d 313, 315 (Miss. 1988) (internal quotation mark omitted) (quoting Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694).
¶21. This Court has explained that, "generally, ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claims are more appropriately brought during post-conviction proceedings." Dartez v. State, 177 So.3d 420, 422-23 (Miss. 2015) (citing Archer v. State, 986 So.2d 951, 955 (Miss. 2008)). An appellate court is limited on direct appeal to the trial-court record before it, "and there may be instances in which insufficient evidence and/or information exists within the record to address the claim adequately." Id. at 423 (citing Archer, 986 So.2d at 955). "This Court may, however, address an ineffectiveness claim on direct appeal if the presented issues are based on facts fully apparent from the record." Eubanks v. State, 341 So.3d 896, 908 (Miss. 2022) (internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting Parker v. State, 30 So.3d 1222, 1232 (Miss. 2010)).
¶22. Here, the record illustrates that defense counsel conducted a thorough investigation into the matter in preparation for Norwood's defense. Counsel discovered evidence of Amy's drug use and successfully argued its relevance in the case in challenging the State's motion in limine to exclude it. Defense counsel, however, did not bring it up during his cross-examination of Amy.
¶23. We find that this constituted trial strategy on the part of defense counsel. "'[C]ounsel's choice of whether or not to file certain motions, call witnesses, ask certain questions, or make certain objections fall within the ambit of trial strategy' and cannot give rise to an ineffective assistance of counsel claim." Id. at 909 (internal quotation mark omitted) (quoting Powell v. State, 806 So.2d 1069, 1077 (Miss. 2001).
¶24. Defense counsel thoroughly and extensively cross-examined Amy, bringing out a number of inconsistencies between her statement to the police and her trial testimony. Counsel repeatedly attempted to cast doubt on Amy's credibility as to why she did not try to get away from Norwood or call for help sooner. As the State points out, if the jury knew Amy was on drugs, this could have explained her reactions.
¶25. Further, according to the motion in limine hearing, although Amy's medical records indicated methamphetamine use sometime around the alleged assault, when or if Amy would have been experiencing the effects of the drug(s) on the day or time in question was unclear.
¶26. Based on our review of the record, we find highly unlikely that defense counsel simply forgot to ask Amy about her purported drug use. Rather, the record fairly shows that defense counsel purposefully chose, for whatever reason, not to inquire about Amy's purported drug use. We reiterate that "[this] Court strongly presumes that counsel's...
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