Olson v. Hartwig

• Decision Date: 30 October 1970
• Docket Number: Nos. 42407,42453,s. 42407
• Citation: 180 N.W.2d 870,288 Minn. 375
• Parties: Alice OLSON, as trustee for the heirs of Jerry J. Olson, Decedent, Respondent, v. David HARTWIG et al., Appellants.
• Court: Minnesota Supreme Court

Page 870

180 N.W.2d 870

288 Minn. 375

Alice OLSON, as trustee for the heirs of Jerry J. Olson Decedent, Respondent, v. David HARTWIG et al., Appellants.

Nos. 42407, 42453.

Supreme Court of Minnesota.

Oct. 30, 1970.

Syllabus by the Court

In applying our comparative negligence statute, Minn.St. 604.01, in an action for death by wrongful act brought under Minn.St. 573.02, the percentage of plaintiff's decedent's negligence is to be deducted from the damages awarded by the court or jury rather than from the maximum permissible recovery permitted under § 573.02.

Carroll, Cronan, Roth & Austin, Minneapolis, for appellants.

Andrew P. Engebretson, St. Paul, for respondent.

OPINION

KNUTSON, Chief Justice.

This is an action under Minn.St. 573.02 to recover for the wrongful death of plaintiff trustee's decedent, who was killed in a collision between a bakery delivery van he was driving, and a semitrailer truck driven by one of the defendants. The case was tried under our new comparative negligence statute. The jury found that plaintiff's decedent's negligence had contributed 40 percent to the cause of the collision and defendant driver's negligence had contributed 60 percent to the cause. It found dmages in the amount of $65,000. The trial court deducted 40 percent of $65,000, leaving the sum of $39,000. It then reduced that amount to $35,000, the maximum recovery permitted under our death by wrongful act statute. Aside from these facts, the facts of the action are not of importance. The only question before us is whether plaintiff's decedent's negligence of 40 percent should be applied to the damages found by the jury ($65,000) or to the maximum recovery permitted under § 573.02 ($35,000).

The pertinent portion of our death by wrongful act statute, § 573.02, reads:

'* * * The Recovery in such action (for wrongful death) is such an amount as the jury deems fair and just in reference to the pecuniary loss resulting from such death, shall not exceed $35,000, and shall be for the exclusive benefit of the surviving spouse and next of kin, proportionate to the pecuniary loss severally suffered by the death.' (Italics supplied.)

Our comparative negligence statute, Minn.St. 604.01, which was enacted by the 1969 legislature (L.1969, c. 624, § 1), so far as material, reads:

'Contributory negligence shall not bar recovery in an action by any person or his legal representative to recover Damages for negligence resulting in death or in injury to person or property, if such negligence was not as great as the negligence of the person against whom recovery is sought, but any Damages allowed shall be diminished in the proportion to the amount of negligence attributable to the person recovering.' (Italics supplied.)

It is significant that § 573.02 speaks in terms of 'recovery' while § 604.01 speaks in terms of 'damages.' Obviously the two words are not synonymous. We recently had occasion to consider the difference in meaning between 'recovery' and 'damages.' In Range v. Van Buskirk Const. Co., 281 Minn. 312, 316, 161 N.W.2d 645, 648, also an action for death by wrongful act, we stated:

'* * * In 1951 the legislature amended Minn.St.1949, § 573.02, subd. 1, substituting the word, 'recovery,' for the word, 'damages.' L.1951, c. 697, § 1. A clear distinction exists between 'damages' and 'recovery,' and the legislature is presumed to have used these distinctive words deliberately.'

The pertinent portion of our comparative negligence statute was taken literally from the Wisconsin comparative negligence statute. ¹ Wisconsin's death by wrongful act statute, Wis.Stat.1967, § 895.04, speaks in terms of Damages whereas Minn.St. 573.02 speaks in terms of maximum Recovery; but we see no significant difference in this fact in so far as construction of our comparative negligence act is concerned.

While it is not an inflexible rule, normally when we adopt a statute from another state which has been interpreted by the highest court of that state, we take the interpretation with the statute. ² Minnesota Baptist Convention v. Pillsbury Academy, 246 Minn. 46, 74 N.W.2d 286; Phelps v. Benson, 252 Minn. 457, 90 N.W.2d 533. The same rule prevails in borrowing constitutional provisions from another state. ³

The Wisconsin Supreme Court had occasion in Mueller v. Silver Fleet Trucking Co., 254 Wis. 458, 37 N.W.2d 66, to construe its statute in reference to the question now before us. In a four-to-three decision the court held that the percentage of decedent's negligence should be applied to the damages found by the jury rather than to the maximum permissible damages permitted under its death by wrongful act statute. After this decision, the Wisconsin Legislature amended § 895.04 in 1951, in accord with the minority view in Mueller, by adding as subd. (7):

'Damages found by a jury in excess of either maximum amount specified above shall be reduced by the court to such maximum. The aggregate of such maximum amounts shall be diminished under s. 895.045 (comparative negligence statute) if the deceased or person entitled to recover is found negligent.'

Thus, while ordinarily we would adopt the...