Park Terrace, Inc. v. Phoenix Indem. Co.

• Citation: 243 N.C. 595,91 S.E.2d 584
• Decision Date: 29 February 1956
• Docket Number: No. 381,381
• Court: United States State Supreme Court of North Carolina
• Parties: PARK TERRACE, Inc. v. PHOENIX INDEMNITY COMPANY (Original Defendant) and Park Builders, Inc. (Additional Defendant).

Page 584

91 S.E.2d 584

243 N.C. 595

PARK TERRACE, Inc. v. PHOENIX INDEMNITY COMPANY (Original Defendant) and Park Builders, Inc. (Additional Defendant).

No. 381

Supreme Court of North Carolina.

Feb. 29, 1956

Spry, White & Hamrick and Dallace McLennan, Winston-Salem, for respondent.

Brooks, McLendon, Brim & Holderness, Greensboro, for Phoenix Indemnity Co.

Womble, Carlyle, Sandridge & Rice, Winston-Salem, and Broaddus, Epperly & Broaddus, Martinsville, Va., for Park Builders, Inc.

BARNHILL, Chief Justice.

When considered literally, the motion made was a motion to make McLean a party defendant so that the original defendants could plead the covenant contained in his contract executed contemporaneously with, and as a part of the consideration for, the purchase by McLean of the common stock of plaintiff corporation. However, broadly speaking, the motion seeks to have McLean made a party to the action so that the original defendants may plead his covenant contained in his contract in bar of any recovery in this action.

If we treat the plaintiff as an active corporation prosecuting this action as such, then it owned the alleged claim sued upon at the time McLean became a stockholder with its own officers and directors, and it is nowhere alleged that McLean was employed by plaintiff or possessed any authority to bind it by his contract. Hence, a cause of action would arise against him when and only when plaintiff recovers in this action. Not until then could it be determined what amount, if any, defendants are entitled to recover for breach of McLean's contract. The statute of limitations would not begin to run until a judgment is entered in this cause. Strictly speaking, therefore, McLean is not a necessary or proper party defendant. On this record the allegation that in executing the contract McLean was acting for and in behalf of the corporation is a mere conclusion unsupported by any allegation of fact.

When the cause was here on the original appeal, we considered a disposition of the motion in the light of the real purpose and intent thereof though it might be outside its letter, but finally concluded that the motion should be decided strictly as presented. That is, we considered then taking the course we now pursue which is presented with more emphasis in respondent's brief filed in connection with the petition to rehear.

After further reflection, consideration, and discussion, we have concluded that while McLean is not a proper party defendant, he is in fact a necessary party plaintiff. We now so hold.

If it be considered that the motion as made will not support this conclusion, our answer is this: This Court has general supervisory authority over the orders, judgments, and decrees of the Superior Courts of the State, N.C.Constitution, Art. IV, § 8. This is a prerogative which, in a proper case, when necessary to promote the expeditious administration of justice, we will not hesitate to exercise.

It requires three or more persons to obtain a certificate of incorporation, G.S. § 55-2, and the certificate of incorporation must be signed by a majority of the applicants. If one dies before the organization of the corporation, some other person must be designated in his place and stead. G.S. § 55-7. The corporation must have at least three directors who manage the affairs of the corporation, G.S. § 55-48, and three officers, provided any two offices may be held by one person. So there must be at least two officers. G.S. § 55-49. Real estate of the corporation may be conveyed by its president and two stockholders or by the president, attested by the secretary. G.S. § 55-40. Three stockholders may call a meeting of the corporation, G.S. § 55-6, and a majority of stockholders may dissolve the corporation, G.S. § 55-121.

Thus the concept that a corporation is a combination of three or more persons who may operate as a legal entity when chartered so to do threads its way through the cited and pratically every other section of our law on corporations. General Statutes, ch. 55. No lesser number will suffice.

So the question arises: When one person acquires all the stock of a corporation, what then is the status of the corporation and the property held in its name? We are of the opinion and so hold that the corporation becomes dormant or inactive and exists only for the purpose of holding legal title of the property for the use and benefit of the single stockholder who becomes seized of the beneficial title to the property. Not possessing the managerial agencies--stockholders, directors, or officers, --contemplated by statute, it can no longer act as a corporation. Its decisions are the decisions of the single stockholder, and its action is his action.

It follows that when McLean purchased all the common stock of plaintiff he became at least the equitable owner of the corporate property. Only he could employ counsel and direct the institution of this action. And any recovery here would be for his use and benefit. Hence, he is the real party in interest, and as such he is a necessary party plaintiff to this action. He will not be permitted to use the corporation, of which he is the sole beneficial owner, to cloak his action as an individual.

'Every action must be prosecuted in the name of the real party in interest * * *.' G.S. § 1-57.

We consider that our conclusion that McLean is a real party in interest is supported by the following authorities, to wit: First Nat. Bank of Gadsden v. Winchester, 119 Ala. 168, 24 So. 351; D. I. Felsenthal Co. v. Northern Assur. Co., 284 Ill. 343, 120 N.E. 268, 1 A.L.R. 602; Wenban Estate v. Hewlett, 193 Cal. 675, 227 P. 723; Gamer Paper Co. v. Tuscany, Tex.Civ.App., 264 S.E. 132; United States Gypsum Co. v. Mackey Wall Plaster Co., 60 Mont. 132, 199 P. 249; Western Securities Co. v. Spiro, 62 Utah 623, 221 P. 856; Louisville & N. R. Co. v. Niold, 186 Ky. 17, 216 S.W. 62; Quaid v. Ratkowsky, 183 App.Div. 428, 170 N.Y.S. 812; Minifie v. Rowley, 187 Cal. 481, 202 P. 673; Swift v. Smith, 65 Md. 428, 5 A. 534; Metropolitan Holding Co. v. Snyder, 8 Cir., 79 F.2d 263, 103 A.L.R. 912; D. N. & E. Walter & Co. v. Zuckerman, 214 Cal. 418, 6 P.2d 251, 79 A.L.R. 329; Spadra-Clarksville Coal Co. v. Kansas Zinc Co., 93 Kan. 638, 145 P. 571; Potts v. Schmucker, 84 Md. 535, 36 A. 592, 35 L.R.A. 392; ...