Peart v. State, s. 97-2229
| Decision Date | 18 February 1998 |
| Docket Number | Nos. 97-2229,95-3248 and 97-565,96-961,96-1205,96-2432,s. 97-2229 |
| Citation | 705 So.2d 1059 |
| Parties | 23 Fla. L. Weekly D514 Roan PEART, Appellant, v. The STATE of Florida, Appellee. Jorge PRIETO, Appellant, v. The STATE of Florida, Appellee. The STATE of Florida, Appellant, v. Andrew Moses EVANS, Appellee. Jose JIMENEZ, Appellant, v. The STATE of Florida, Appellee. Victor William ROSS, Appellant, v. The STATE of Florida, Appellee. |
| Court | Florida District Court of Appeals |
Robbins, Tunkey, Ross, Amsel, Raben & Waxman, and Benjamin S. Waxman; Bennett H. Brummer, Public Defender, and Julie Levitt, Assistant Public Defender; Jerold E. Reichler; Ana M. Jhones; Arthur E. Marchetta, Jr.; Bill Clay and Leonard Cooperman, for Roan Peart, Jorge Prieto, Andrew Evans Moses, Jose Jimenez, and Victor William Ross.
Robert A. Butterworth, Attorney General, and Michael J. Neimand, Assistant Attorney General, for State.
Before SCHWARTZ, C.J., and NESBITT, JORGENSON, COPE, LEVY, GERSTEN, GODERICH, GREEN, FLETCHER, SHEVIN and SORONDO, JJ.
ON HEARING EN BANC AND REHEARING EN BANC
These appeals have been consolidated for en banc and rehearing en banc consideration because they raise the common issue of whether coram nobis or post-conviction relief is available to attack a conviction based on the trial court's failure to apprise defendants of the deportation consequences of their pleas pursuant to Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.172(c)(8). We hold that the traditional writ of error coram nobis is not an available remedy for the reasons expressed herein. In so holding, we recede from Beckles v. State, 679 So.2d 892 (Fla. 3d DCA 1996), and all other cases issued by this court to the extent they rely on Beckles. We grant rehearing, withdraw the opinions issued in Peart v. State, No. 97-2229 (Fla. 3d DCA Sept. 11, 1997); in Jimenez v. State, No. 97-3248 (Fla. 3d DCA Sept. 10, 1997); and in Ross v. State, No. 97-565 (Fla. 3d DCA April 30, 1997), and substitute the following:
These consolidated cases may be grouped into three categories: A) Defendants appeal from denials of coram nobis petitions, Peart, Jimenez, and Ross; B) State appealing from coram nobis relief granted, State v. Evans, No. 96-1205; C) Defendant appeals from a denial of a timely motion for post-conviction relief, Prieto v. State, Nos. 96-2432; 96-961.
In 1993, Roan Peart pled guilty to aggravated assault, armed robbery and burglary of a conveyance. The court withheld adjudication, credited Peart with seven months served in jail, and placed Peart on two-years probation, which Peart successfully completed. At the time, Peart was a citizen of Jamaica, and was a legal resident alien in the United States for over ten years.
In 1997, Peart filed a petition for writ of error coram nobis asserting that his plea was involuntarily entered because he was not advised of the deportation consequences of his plea. Peart asserted that as a result of his guilty plea, the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service ["INS"] had instituted deportation proceedings against him. Peart asserted that had he been advised he would not have accepted the plea and would have gone to trial. The trial court denied Peart's petition without an evidentiary hearing. Peart appeals.
In 1990, Jose Jimenez pled nolo contendere to possession of cocaine, in exchange for a withhold of adjudication and two days credit for time served. In 1995, INS notified Jimenez, a citizen of the Dominican Republic, that it was revoking his legal permanent resident status and initiating deportation proceedings against him. Like Peart, Jimenez also asserted, by way of petition for writ of coram nobis, that he was not advised of the deportation consequences of his plea, and that, had he known of those consequences, he would not have entered the plea. The petition was denied. Jimenez appeals.
In 1980, Victor Ross pled guilty to manufacture and/or possession of cannabis with intent to sell, manufacture, or deliver. Ross pled and his adjudication was withheld; he was sentenced to eighteen months probation. Ross asserts that the trial court told him that there should be no deportation consequences as a result of the plea because a "withhold" was not a conviction. 1 Ross was a citizen of Grenada and a legal United States resident alien. In 1996, Ross applied for naturalization. In response to the application, INS informed Ross that he would be deported because of his 1980 plea. Ross filed a motion to withdraw his plea and set aside the sentence or, alternatively, for coram nobis relief. Ross asserted that he should be allowed to set his plea aside because the trial judge misadvised him of his deportation consequences; had he been correctly advised he would not have entered the plea. Ross appeals the denial of his motion.
Andrew Moses Evans pled nolo contendere to the charge of carrying a concealed weapon in 1990. He received credit for two days he served in jail and a withhold of adjudication. Evans was a citizen of Jamaica and a legal permanent resident. In 1996, Evans filed a petition for coram nobis relief asserting that his plea was involuntary because he was not advised of the immigration consequences, and he would not have entered the plea had he known. Evans was facing deportation. The trial court granted the petition and vacated the judgment and sentence. The state appeals that order.
In 1994, Jorge Prieto pled guilty to attempted murder. However, pursuant to a plea agreement, Prieto received a twenty-year sentence and agreed to testify truthfully against a codefendant. Additionally, the state agreed to nolle prosequi a capital murder charge against Prieto. Under the plea agreement, if the state did not feel Prieto testified satisfactorily, the state could seek an increased sentence of life imprisonment on the attempted murder count and could refile the capital murder charge seeking the death penalty. Prieto filed a motion for post-conviction relief pursuant to Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.850 to set aside the plea as defense counsel had not informed him of deportation consequences, and the INS had commenced deportation proceedings against him. During the hearing on the motion, Prieto sought leave to amend his motion to assert that the trial court had also failed to inform him of the deportation consequences of the plea. The court did not rule on the request to amend and denied the motion. The court granted the state's motion to enhance Prieto's sentence and refile the capital murder charge based on the finding that Prieto did not testify satisfactorily. Prieto has lived in the United States since childhood, but is not a citizen. Prieto appeals.
This court consolidated these appeals for consideration en banc and rehearing en banc.
Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.172(c)(8) requires the trial judge to inform defendants pleading guilty or nolo contendere that if defendant
is not a United States citizen, the plea may subject him or her to deportation pursuant to the laws and regulations governing the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service. It shall not be necessary for the trial judge to inquire as to whether the defendant is a United States citizen, as this admonition shall be given to all defendants in all cases.
This provision became effective January 1, 1989. See In Re Amendments to Florida Rules of Criminal Procedure, 536 So.2d 992 (Fla.1988). Prior to this date, there was no affirmative duty to advise a defendant of deportation consequences. See State v. Ginebra, 511 So.2d 960 (Fla.1987). A criminal defendant may seek to set aside a plea for failure of the court to inform him of the deportation consequences of the plea if the defendant can show prejudice. Fla. R.Crim. P. 3.172(i).
The pivotal issue before us is whether a petition for writ of error coram nobis is the proper vehicle for challenging a conviction based on the court's failure to follow Rule 3.172(c)(8). At the outset, it must be noted that
the function of a writ of error coram nobis is to correct fundamental errors of fact, and that the writ is not available to correct errors of law. In order to be legally sufficient, the petition for writ of error coram nobis must, therefore, allege specific facts of such a vital nature that had they been known to the trial court, they conclusively would have prevented the entry of the judgment and sentence attacked; the petition must also assert the evidence upon which the alleged facts can be proved and the source of such evidence. The facts upon which the petition is based must have been unknown to the trial court, the defendant, and defense counsel at the time of trial; and it must appear that the defendant and his/her counsel could not have known such facts by the use of due diligence.
Malcolm v. State, 605 So.2d 945, 947 (Fla. 3d DCA 1992)(emphasis added); Hallman v. State, 371 So.2d 482 (Fla.1979). The petitioner must have no other remedy available. Russ v. State, 95 So.2d 594 (Fla.1957).
In these cases, the defendants do not seek coram nobis relief asserting errors of fact or newly discovered evidence, but rather on the basis of an error of law, to wit, an irregularity in their plea colloquy rendering their pleas involuntary. State v. Garcia, 571 So.2d 38 (Fla. 3d DCA 1990). Moreover, these petitions for relief do not assert claims "of such a vital nature that had they been known to the trial court, they conclusively would have prevented the entry of the judgment." Hallman, 371 So.2d at 485. Coram nobis relief, therefore, is not the appropriate remedy. The proper remedy for the defendants to pursue is, instead, a motion for post-conviction relief pursuant to Rule 3.850. Tolbert v. State, 698 So.2d 1288 (Fla. 2d DCA 1997); Scott v. State, 423 So.2d 978 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982). As articulated in Richardson v. State, 546 So.2d 1037 (Fla.1989), Rule 3.850 has supplanted the writ of error coram...
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