Penrod Drilling Co. v. Etheridge

• Decision Date: 07 May 1986
• Docket Number: No. 55,763,55,763
• Citation: 487 So.2d 1330
• Parties: PENROD DRILLING COMPANY and Granite State Insurance Co. v. Arlis Edgar ETHERIDGE.
• Court: Mississippi Supreme Court

Page 1330

487 So.2d 1330

PENROD DRILLING COMPANY and Granite State Insurance Co. v. Arlis Edgar ETHERIDGE.

No. 55,763.

Supreme Court of Mississippi.

May 7, 1986.

Dan McCullen, Butler, Snow, O'Mara, Stevens & Cannada, Jackson, for appellants.

Crymes R. Pittman, Robert G. Germany, Cothren & Pittman, Jackson, for appellee.

BEFORE PATTERSON, C.J., ROY NOBLE LEE, P.J., and SULLIVAN, J.

SULLIVAN, Justice, for the Court:

On February 8, 1981, Etheridge filed a motion to controvert against Penrod and its insurance carrier, alleging that on November 9, 1980, he received a compensable injury while employed by Penrod. On May 4, 1983, the administrative law judge who heard the case, issued an order which found that Etheridge had an average weekly wage on the date of his alleged injury of $412.00; however, the order concluded that Etheridge had failed to prove that his back injury, for which he had been treated, was causally related to his employment by Penrod and, specifically, that he failed to prove that he sustained a compensable injury which arose out of and within the course and scope of his employment with Penrod.

On November 8, 1983, the full Commission affirmed this order. On May 21, 1984, the Circuit Court of Warren County, Mississippi, handed down an opinion and order which stated that the record made a strong case for compensation, with the only defense being the "negative testimony" of the "obviously biased employees" of Penrod. The circuit judge concluded that the administrative judge's and the Commission's orders were not based upon substantial evidence and reversed and remanded to the full Commission for a determination of the extent of temporary total disability and permanent partial disability to which the claimant would be entitled.

The scope of review in workers' compensation cases in both the circuit court and this Court was recently discussed in Olen Burrage Trucking Co. and U.S.F. & G. Co. v. Clarence Clyde Chandler, Deceased, Dependents of, 475 So.2d 437 (Miss.1985). We stated the following:

Mississippi Code Annotated Sec. 71-3-51 (1972), deals with the Court review of benefits awarded by the Workmen's Compensation Commission. That section states in pertinent part:

The circuit court shall review all questions of law and of fact. If no prejudicial error be found, the matter shall be affirmed and remanded to the commission for enforcement. If prejudicial error be found, the same shall be reversed and the circuit court shall enter such judgment or award as the commission should have entered.

Three general principles must be born in mind:

1. The claimant generally bears the burden of proof to show an injury arising out of employment, and a causal connection between the injury and the claimed disability;

2. The Commission is the trier of facts, judges the credibility of witnesses, and facts supported by substantial evidence should be affirmed by the circuit court;

3. Unless prejudicial error is found, or the verdict is against the overwhelming weight of the evidence, the Commission's order should be affirmed.

Strickland v. M.H. McMath Gin, Inc., 457 So.2d 925, 928 (Miss.1984).

475 So.2d at 438-39.

The administrative law judge largely based his holding on the fact that the claimant's testimony concerning the cause of his back injury was contradicted by the other employees present on the rig and the contradictory actions of the claimant, and his statements contained in the "hurt sheet" and the employment applications which were filed subsequent to the injury. The "hurt sheet", signed by Etheridge, certified that he had not sustained an injury on the day in question. To the administrative judge, the contradictory statements indicated that the testimony of the claimant was incredible. The circuit court's reversal was largely based on the circuit judge's belief that the only defense offered by Penrod was the "negative testimony" of Penrod's own employees, and that the Mississippi Supreme Court had consistently held that such testimony was insufficient as a matter of law to support a judgment.

The cases cited in support of the circuit court's opinion in regard to negative testimony are misplaced. See Illinois Central Gulf Railroad Co. v. Yates, 334 So.2d 364 (Miss.1976); Mobile O.R. Co. v. Johnson, 157 Miss. 266, 126 So. 827 (1930). Both cases deal with the issue of whether the plaintiff had heard a locomotive's bell ringing prior to a collision with such. In Yates, the Court, quoting Johnson, said that testimony that witnesses did not hear the bell "cannot prevail against the positive testimony of other credible witnesses that the bell did ring at the time in question." Illinois Central Gulf Railroad Co. v. Yates, 334 So.2d at 368.

In workers' compensation cases "negative testimony" concerning the cause of the injury may be "substantial evidence" upon which a claim is denied. In Fowler v. Durant Sportswear, Inc., 203 So.2d 577 (Miss.1967), we said the following:

Claimant contends that the decision of the Commission is contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence and is not based on substantial evidence. We are of the opinion that this was a typical case for the triers of fact. Claimant was contradicted by numerous witnesses. The Commission was justified in finding the claimant did not receive an injury while on the job. We are of the opinion that the testimony of the contradicting witnesses was substantial evidence sufficient to justify the Commission in declining to accept the uncorroborated testimony of the claimant, and the fact that some of the contradictory testimony was negative in character does not of itself require the triers of fact to reject it.

[emphasis added]

Id. at 579. The facts of the Fowler case are strikingly similar to the case at hand.

Also in Hamilton Manufacturing Co. v. Kern, 242 So.2d 441 (Miss.1970), the circuit court had reversed the order denying compensation and the Supreme Court reversed the circuit court. In doing so, we said the following:

Whether the evidence is sufficient is the only factual determination appellate courts have the right to decide. It is the duty of the circuit court to affirm the Commission's findings if they are supported by substantial evidence, or are not manifestly wrong. The record fails to disclose that any accident or incident was sustained by the appellee "arising out of and in the course of his employment" except for the testimony of the appellee alone. Fellow employees working in close proximity to appellee testified that they saw no accident, nor did the appellee while at work complain or advise them on April 5, 1968, of any injury he had sustained.

[emphasis added]

Id. at 444. See also Cofer v. Garan, Inc., 235 So.2d 251 (Miss.1970).

Etheridge's testimony concerning the cause of his back injury is contradicted by the employees on the rig and the "hurt sheet". It is also contradicted by Etheridge's own subsequent statements in employment applications. Etheridge's testimony as to the actual occurrence of the injury was not corroborated at all.

The claimant is competent to prove his own claim, and his testimony may be accepted without corroboration. It may be acted upon although disputed by other witnesses and if undisputed and not untrustworthy, must be taken as conclusive proof of the fact. On the other hand, if the claimant is uncorroborated as to the occurrence of a claimed accident and is shown to have made statements inconsistent with the claim, the commission is not bound to accept the testimony as the basis for an award.

[emphasis added]

Vardaman S. Dunn, Mississippi Workmen's Compensation, Sec. 264 (3d Ed.1982).

In Fowler, supra, the Court said the following:

Citing Lucedale Veneer Co. v. Rogers, 211 Miss. 613, 48 So.2d 148, 53 So.2d 69 (1950), claimant contends that uncontradicted or undisputed evidence should ordinarily be taken as true by the triers of the facts; that evidence which is not contradicted by positive testimony or circumstances, and is not inherently improbable, incredible or unreasonable cannot be arbitrarily or capriciously discredited, disregarded or rejected, even though a witness is a party or is interested in the case. The Lucedale Veneer Co. case further qualified the rule, which is paraphrased immediately above, by adding "unless shown to be untrustworthy." The cited case has no application to the case at bar because, although there is no testimony directly refuting claimant's statement that she received an injury to her back in the manner testified to by her, she is contradicted by positive evidence and discredited. The triers of fact were justified in finding that her testimony was shown to be untrustworthy.

Id. at 579. See also Fortune Furniture Mfg. Co., Inc. v. Sullivan, ...