People ex rel. Douglas v. One 1984 Toyota Supra Vehicle, Registration No. JT2MA67L5E0117591, Title No. P4343504
| Decision Date | 05 September 1990 |
| Docket Number | No. 097179,Nos. 3-90-0013,No. 2731653,3-90-0014,No. 00128694,00128694,2731653,097179,s. 3-90-0013 |
| Citation | 202 Ill.App.3d 797,560 N.E.2d 390 |
| Parties | , 148 Ill.Dec. 88 The PEOPLE of the State of Illinois ex rel. Marshall E. DOUGLAS, State's Attorney, Rock Island County, Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. ONE 1984 TOYOTA SUPRA VEHICLE, REGISTRATION NUMBER JT2MA67-L5E0117591, TITLE NUMBER P4343504; $14,705 United States Currency; Radio Shack Cellular Telephone, Serial; Archer Adapter, Cat.; One Radio Shack Charger Stand, Serial; and Wayland Clay, Jr., Defendants-Appellees. |
| Court | United States Appellate Court of Illinois |
Gary F. Gnidovec, State's Attys. Appellate Prosecutor, Ottawa, Marshall E. Douglas, State's Atty., Rock Island, John X. Breslin, Deputy Director, State's Attys. Appellate Prosecutor, Ottawa, for the People.
Michael L. Wassell, Braud/Warner, Ltd., Rock Island, for Wayland Clay.
Two complaints for forfeiture of property were filed and consolidated, one against a 1984 Toyota Supra automobile and the other against $14,705, a cellular telephone, an Archer adapter, and a cellular telephone charger stand. (Ill.Rev.Stat.1989, ch. 38, par. 36-1; ch. 56 1/2, par. 1505.) All of the items were said to have been owned by the defendant, Wayland Clay, Jr. Following a hearing on the complaints, the trial court denied the forfeitures. The State appeals. We affirm in part and reverse in part.
The record shows that Officer Richard Fristoe testified at the forfeiture hearing that he was involved with the defendant's arrest for possession of cocaine. On May 2, 1989, he was informed about a possible narcotics transaction in progress at a residence located at 1711 Eighth Street. While conducting surveillance of the residence, he saw a 1984 Toyota Supra automobile parked at the home. Thereafter, he saw the defendant exit the house, enter the Toyota, and leave the area at a high speed.
Following a chase, the defendant stopped his vehicle and upon exiting the car began throwing items from his pants pockets to the ground. Officer Fristoe recovered two items containing a white powdery substance which field-tested positive for the presence of cocaine. Upon searching the car, he found on the floor of the passenger side a white powdery substance which also field-tested positive for the presence of cocaine. He observed a similar white powdery substance on the passenger seat, on the center console between the bucket seats, on a cellular telephone and recharger, on an electronic scale, and on a black purse found on the passenger seat.
Regarding the black purse, Officer Fristoe testified that it contained a package of Joker-brand rolling papers and $14,705 in cash. He stated that most of the cash was in $10 and $20 bills along with a few $100 bills. He did not prepare a checklist setting forth the particular denominations of the bills.
Officer Ronald D. Tacey testified that he was involved in the subsequent investigation relating to the defendant's arrest. He stated that he executed a search warrant on a residence located at 1606 14th Street in Rock Island. Both the defendant and his mother lived there. Tacey testified that several items were seized, including a note with telephone numbers and different dollar amounts written on it.
The defendant testified and admitted that the automobile, cellular telephone, and recharger were his. He stated, however, that the money was not his and instead belonged to his mother. He stated that the reason he had the money was to wire $5,000 to his brother in Florida and to send the rest to his mother, who was in Oklahoma at the time.
He further testified that his mother had approximately $22,000 in cash at their home. She had instructed him to send $5,000 of it to Florida to help her son. He had taken what he thought was about half the money, placed it in the purse, and returned the other half to its normal hiding place. He stated that the money was in $100 and $50 denominations only.
Regarding the cellular telephone and its attachments, the defendant denied buying them for the purpose of transacting a cocaine business. He stated that he had purchased the telephone for his employment with Chem-Lawn since he worked out of town a lot and the company did not have two-way radios with which to contact him. The defendant admitted, however, that the phone was in his personal car and that he used a company-owned truck while working. He also stated that the present telephone bill was over $900. He denied that the piece of paper listing telephone numbers and dollar amounts was his.
Finally, the defendant testified that he had not received notice of the forfeiture complaint in the mail. He believed the postal service had the certified notice in its office, but stated that he had never gone to sign for it.
The defendant's mother, Wilhemina Clay, testified that she had $22,000 in cash hidden in her home. She stated that she had received this money from an insurance claim and an inheritance from an aunt. The money was kept in $50 and $100 denominations. She also stated that she had given the defendant the authority to send $5,000 to her son in Florida.
Finally, Officer Harrison A. Smith testified that he had dated Wilhemina Clay and knew she kept a large amount of money in her home. He stated that the money had come from an insurance claim and an inheritance.
Thereafter, the trial court denied the complaints for forfeiture. Regarding the Toyota, the court held that the State had failed to show that notice of the forfeiture proceeding had been sent by certified mail to the defendant. The court added that had this requirement been met it would have granted the State's complaint. With respect to the $14,705, cellular telephone, and attachments, the court held that the State had failed to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that the items had anything to do with the defendant's possession of a controlled substance.
On appeal, the State first argues that the trial court erred in denying forfeiture of the Toyota. Specifically, it contends that the notice requirement of section 36-1 of the Criminal Code (Ill.Rev.Stat.1989, ch. 38, par. 36-1) was met. In the alternative, it argues that the defendant waived this issue.
Section 36-1 sets forth the method of notice and requires that a copy of the notice be sent by certified mail. (Ill.Rev.Stat.1989, ch. 38, par. 36-1.) In the case at hand, the trial court found that the State failed to prove that notice had been sent by certified mail to the defendant. The record reveals, however, that the State did attempt to notify the defendant by certified mail. The defendant admitted that he believed the post office was holding a piece of certified mail for him.
Furthermore, even if the State did not prove the notice requirement, we would nonetheless find that the trial court erred in requiring such proof under the circumstances of this case. Statutes imposing certain technical requirements for notice may not be strictly enforced if the party seeking enforcement had actual notice and cannot show prejudice as a result of the opposing party's failure to comply with the technical requirements. (Prairie Vista, Inc. v. Central Illinois Light Co. (1976), 37 Ill.App.3d 909, 346 N.E.2d 72.) Here, the record shows that complaints for forfeiture were served upon the defendant by mail and that the defendant filed a certified answer to each complaint. The record further reveals that notice of the hearing was served upon the defendant and his attorney, and on the day of the hearing, the defendant, along with counsel, appeared and actively defended himself against the complaints. It is obvious from the facts in this case that the defendant had actual notice and that he sustained no prejudice from the possible lack of notice by certified mail. Thus, we find that the trial court erred in denying the State's complaint for forfeiture of the defendant's Toyota.
The State next argues that the trial court erred in denying forfeiture of the $14,705. We disagree and note that forfeiture of the money and telephone was sought pursuant to the Illinois Controlled Substances Act (). That Act provides in part that all money found in close proximity to forfeitable substances is rebuttably presumed to be forfeitable under the Act and the burden of proof is upon the claimant of the property to rebut this presumption. Ill.Rev.Stat.1989, ch. 56 1/2, par. 1505(a)(5).
Since a forfeiture proceeding is civil in nature, once the defendant rebuts the presumption the State need only prove by a preponderance of the evidence its right to have the property forfeited. (See People ex rel. Power v. One 1979 Chevrolet Camaro (1981), 96 Ill.App.3d 109, 51 Ill.Dec. 356, 420 N.E.2d 770.) On review, an appellate court will not reverse a trial court's order regarding forfeiture unless the ruling is against the manifest weight of the evidence. People v. Strong (1986), 151 Ill.App.3d 28, 104 Ill.Dec. 247, 502 N.E.2d 744.
In the case at hand, the trial court held that the defendant rebutted the presumption regarding the money. The record shows that the defense presented a believable and logical explanation as to the source of the money and its owner. Two witnesses testified that the money belonged to the defendant's mother and that it was only in the defendant's possession for transference purposes. Consistent testimony was also given regarding the source of the money and that the defendant's mother kept the cash in her home. Based on this testimony, we cannot say that the trial court's ruling in this matter was against the manifest weight of the evidence.
The State's final contention on appeal is that the trial court erred in denying forfeiture of the cellular telephone and its attachments. We agree. While the trial court found that the defendant rebutted the presumption that these items were forfeitable, the record does not...
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