People v. Fuller

• Decision Date: 26 January 2006
• Docket Number: No. B177064.,B177064.
• Citation: 38 Cal.Rptr.3d 428,135 Cal.App.4th 1336
• Court: California Court of Appeals Court of Appeals
• Parties: The PEOPLE, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. Bobby Willard FULLER, Jr., Defendant and Appellant.

38 Cal.Rptr.3d 428

135 Cal.App.4th 1336

The PEOPLE, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. Bobby Willard FULLER, Jr., Defendant and Appellant.

No. B177064.

Court of Appeal, Second District, Division 1.

January 26, 2006.

Certified for Partial Publication.^*

Edward H. Schulman, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, Los Angeles, for Defendant and Appellant.

Bill Lockyer, Attorney General, Robert R. Anderson, Chief Assistant Attorney General, Pamela C. Hamanaka, Assistant Attorney General, Lawrence M. Daniels and Roberta L. Davis, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.

ROTHSCHILD, J.

In this case, we hold that three rapes all committed against the same victim within an hour and within her apartment occurred "during a single occasion" under the "one strike" law punishing forcible sex crimes, and thus that only one "one strike" sentence may be imposed for the three rapes. (Pen.Code § 667.61, subd. (g); all further section references are to the Penal Code.)

A jury convicted Bobby Fuller of three counts of forcible rape, all committed during a burglary and with personal use of a firearm (counts 1-3); assault with a firearm (count 4); kidnapping for the purpose of committing rape and robbery with personal use of a firearm (count 5); first degree robbery at an ATM machine with personal use of a firearm (count 6); first degree burglary with personal use of a firearm (count 7); and possessing a firearm as a convicted felon (count 8). (§§ 261, subd. (a)(2), 667.61, subds. (a), (b); 245, subd. (a)(2); 209, subd. (b)(1), 12022.53, subd. (b); 211, 212.5, subd. (b); 459, 460, subd. (a); 12021, subd. (a)(1).) In a bifurcated trial after a jury waiver, the trial court found that Fuller had been convicted of robbery in 1995, constituting a "strike" and "serious felony" offense, and for which he had served a prison term. (§§ 667, subds. (a)-(i), 1170.12, 667.5, subd. (b).) The trial court, after denying Fuller's motion to strike his prior conviction (§ 1385; People v. Superior Court (Romero) (1996) 13 Cal.4th 497, 53 Cal.Rptr.2d 789, 917 P.2d 628), imposed an aggregate sentence of 38 years plus life in prison without eligibility for parole for 100 years.¹

Fuller appeals and contends that (I) the trial court erred in instructing the jury pursuant to CALJIC No. 2.03 (Oct.2005 ed.) that if it found Fuller made a willfully false statement before trial regarding the crime it could consider the statement as consciousness of guilt. (II) Fuller also raises several challenges to various aspects of his sentence, contending that the trial court erred in (A) accepting his jury waiver regarding the prior conviction allegation because, under Blakely v. Washington (2004) 542 U.S. 296, 124 S.Ct. 2531, 159 L.Ed.2d 403, it must be decided by a jury; (B) imposing two consecutive sentences for the three rapes in violation of the section 667.61 prohibition against consecutive sentences for multiple sexual offenses committed against the same victim on a single occasion; and (C) imposing mandatory consecutive sentences under the one strike and (D) three strike sentencing laws also in violation of Blakely and United States v. Booker (2005) 543 U.S. 220, 125 S.Ct. 738, 160 L.Ed.2d 621.

We reject contentions I and II-A, C, and D. Regarding issue II-B, the Attorney General concedes that the one strike sentence for one but not two of the rapes should be stricken, and, in a related point, that the court erred in sentencing Fuller under both the determinate sentencing and one strike laws, the latter of which is an alternative sentencing scheme, not an enhancement to the determinate sentencing law. The Attorney General asks us to strike the determinate portions of the sentences for the three rape convictions. We agree with Fuller that all three rapes were committed on a "single occasion" under the one strike law's definition of that phrase, and thus that he cannot be sentenced to more than one term under that law. We also agree with the Attorney General that Fuller can be sentenced on each count under the determinate sentencing or the one strike law but not under both. We vacate Fuller's sentence and remand for resentencing. In all other respects, we affirm the judgment.

FACTS

About 11:30 p.m. on September 23, 2002, Ms. L. finished grocery shopping at a West Hollywood Ralphs market. As she returned to her car, Fuller, who she did not know, walked up to her, displayed a handgun, demanded her money and car, and ordered her into the car. When Ms. L. refused, Fuller took her purse and car keys, struck her in the face with the gun, forced her inside the car, and drove away with her inside. A store video surveillance camera showed Fuller walking by Ms. L., going to the garage elevator, pulling something out of a bag, and driving away in her car.

Fuller drove to the San Fernando Valley where he forced Ms. L to give him $300 she withdrew from an ATM machine, and then to act like his girlfriend while he bought cigarettes and coffee at a convenience store. Fuller then drove back to West Hollywood and forced Ms. L. to take him inside her apartment, where he took more money and raped her three times. He forced her to have intercourse with him twice in the bedroom, the two acts separated only by a brief change in position. They then got dressed and went into the living room. After obtaining her cellular telephone number, discussing whether they would see each other again, and preparing to leave, Fuller changed his mind and forced her to have intercourse with him in the living room.² Fuller stayed in the apartment over an hour, then forced Ms. L. to drive him back to the Ralphs and drop him off. Ms. L. drove back to her apartment building and reported the crimes to the police, who found one of Fuller's fingerprints in the apartment, leading to his identification.

The police disclosed to the media that they had obtained an arrest warrant for Fuller. A few days after the crimes, Fuller saw a media report that he was a suspect and surrendered, telling reporters he was innocent of the charges, which he claimed Ms. L. fabricated to explain their consensual affair. In a post-arrest statement to the police, Fuller said that he and Ms. L. had first met about a month before at a Ralphs market where he worked as a security guard. He claimed they encountered each other on the evening of September 23 at a bar and had consensual sex at her apartment. He denied driving with Ms. L. anywhere except to her apartment and committing any crimes against her. When the police showed Fuller photographs from the Ralphs' parking lot security camera showing him confronting her, he said he had been under the influence of alcohol and marijuana while with Ms. L., clouding his memory of events. Fuller then changed his story and corroborated most of Ms. L.'s version of events: he admitted encountering her in the Ralphs' parking lot, driving together to the San Fernando Valley where she made an ATM withdrawal, stopping for coffee and cigarettes, then returning to her apartment where he claimed they had consensual sex. Fuller denied threatening, robbing, or striking Ms. L. and claimed she falsely accused him of the crimes because she was embarrassed about their affair. Fuller did not testify at trial.

DISCUSSION

I. The Court Properly Instructed the Jury with CALJIC No. 2.03.^**

II. Issues Relating to Fuller's Sentencing.

Fuller's remaining issues relate to the propriety of his sentence and involve findings by the trial court, after his jury waiver, that (A) he had a prior "strike" conviction, (B) his three rape convictions did not occur on a single occasion, and he could be sentenced under both the determinate and one strike laws for the three rape convictions, and (C) and (D) Blakely did not require jury findings regarding those issues. Because some discussion of these issues overlaps, we introduce them by setting out all the facts regarding Fuller's sentencing.

After denying Fuller's motion to strike the "strike," the trial court discussed Blakely, which had been issued a few weeks earlier. The court concluded that although Blakely might apply to Fuller's case, the court would follow existing law until appellate courts clarified Blakely's applicability to California's sentencing laws.⁴

Next, the court discussed the applicability of the one strike forcible sex crime law (§ 667.61) to Fuller's case. The court found that the two rapes committed in the bedroom (counts 1 and 2) were committed on a single occasion, but the rape committed in the living room (count 3) was committed on a different occasion from the two bedroom rapes. Based on those findings, the court stated it intended to impose two consecutive life terms for two of the rape convictions, one for the bedroom rapes and the other for the living room rape, and a concurrent term for the second bedroom rape, under the one strike law. The court expressly chose to exercise its discretion under the one strike law to impose a concurrent term for the second bedroom rape.

The court then imposed 8-year full upper determinate terms for each of the three counts of rape under the determinate sentencing law (§§ 667.6, subds. (c) (d), 1170, 1170.1), "enhanced" those sentences with life terms with minimum parole eligibility in 25 years under the one strike law (§ 667.61), and then doubled those terms as a second "strike" under the three strikes law. Thus, for each of the three rape counts, the court imposed a term of 16 years plus life in prison with a minimum parole eligibility of 50 years. The court, however, made the sentence for the living room rape (count 3) consecutive to, and the sentence for the second bedroom rape (count 2) concurrent with, the sentence for the first bedroom rape (count 1). The court then imposed 6 years for the prior felony convictions. The court imposed and stayed sentence for all the other counts under section 654. Thus, the aggregate sentence was a determinate term of 38 years (16 years each for counts 1...