People v. Green
| Decision Date | 22 May 1959 |
| Docket Number | No. 35019,35019 |
| Citation | 160 N.E.2d 814,17 Ill.2d 35 |
| Parties | PEOPLE of the State of Illinois, Defendant in Error, v. Wilson GREEN, Plaintiff in Error. |
| Court | Illinois Supreme Court |
Norbert E. Anderson, Chicago, for plaintiff in error.
Latham Castle, Atty. Gen., and Benjamin S. Adamowski, State's Atty., Chicago (Fred G. Leach, Decatur, William H. South, Carmi, Francis X. Riley, and John T. Callagher, Chicago, of counsel), for the People.
Upon trial before the criminal court of Cook County, the defendant, Wilson Green, was found guilty of the crime of armed robbery and sentenced to the penitentiary for a term of not less than 15 nor more than 30 years. By writ of error he seeks to reverse the judgment of the trial court and assigns errors in that the evidence did not establish his guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, the court did not grant a mistrial after evidence of other crimes had been presented, and the court erred in unduly examining the defendant's alibi witness.
The evidence for the People established that on June 11, 1957, at about 2:15 P.M., a robber, armed with a short black revolver, held up the employees of the Cosmo Currency Exchange located at 3616 West Sixteenth Street in the city of Chicago. The robber gained entrance to the teller's locked cage by accosting one of the women employees as she was about to enter the enclosure on her return from lunch. After forcing entry, he held three employees at gun point while removing approximately $3,000 from the cash drawers and safes. He then locked them in the washroom and escaped.
Police officers, who were called to the scene after the employees had been released, made an investigation of the premises and obtained a description of the robber from the victims. He was described as being a dark-skinned negro who wore a brown coat, dark pants and a gray 'ivy league' cap which had a plaid band across the back. The officers were told that the robber appeared to have something wrong with his left arm which he moved in a peculiar manner as he took the money from the drawers; and that he had no mustache.
On the date of the robbery, the victims went to the detective bureau, where, after viewing a large number of photographs, they selected one of the defendant as the man who had robbed them. On June 19, 1957, after defendant's arrest, the police conducted a 'line-up' at which all witnesses to the robbery were present and they pointed out the defendant, in a line of six persons, as the man who had committed the robbery.
At the trial defendant was positively identified by all three victims of the robbery, who related in detail the occurrences at the time of the commission of the crime as well as the events leading to his identification. The manager of the exchange and two police officers also testified that after the 'line-up,' defendant, in their presence, admitted that he committed the robbery. In rebuttal, one of the officers testified that defendant, in admitting his guilt, verbally reenacted the crime.
All witnesses for the People were subjected to extensive cross-examination concerning the circumstances surrounding the identification of defendant, particularly with reference to the statements as to the apparent condition of the robber's arm and whether he wore a mustache. This testimony indicates that the witnesses did not positively state that the robber had a deformed arm, as defendant now contends, but rather that he moved his arm in such manner as to give the appearance of disability. One witness stated that the left coat sleeve appeared to be too long, and that the robber moved his arm peculiarly in an apparent effort to keep the sleeve from falling down over the knuckles of his hand.
Defendant denied committing the robbery and sought to interpose an alibi. He stated that on the date in question he went to the home of Leola Hudson at about 1:00 P.M. and stayed there 'a couple of hours or longer.' He further testified that when he was arrested in his room on Division Street, he had narcotics there; and that he was charged with possession of narcotics, but the case was later dropped. When questioned by his counsel concerning the source of the money found in his pocket at the time of his arrest he said: 'Well, I had some narcotics up there, a large amount of it.' He admitted telling the officers and manager of the exchange that he had committed the robbery but stated he did so only after one of the officers told him that if he didn't confess he would be taken over 'to D-2 to see a certain Lieutenant Pape, or something' who would make him tell his life history. The officer to whom these remarks were attributed denied making such statements when testifying in rebuttal.
Leola Hudson, an unmarried girl, age 15, who, after giving birth to a child at a local hospital, had returned home June 10, testified that the defendant came to her home at about 12:45 P.M. on June 11, the day of the crime, and remained there until 2:30 P.M. She stated on cross-examination that she met the defendant at a restaurant on Division Street and had seen him from time to time, but that she had seen him only once in June which was on the date of the alleged offense. Further examination by the trial judge elicited that defendant had visited in her home on only two occasions and that he had never been there after June 11.
Proofs were closed with a stipulation that defendant had a prior record of conviction for armed robbery for which he had been sentenced to the penitentiary in June, 1952. After the arguments of counsel, the judge indicated that he would find the defendant guilty and asked for recommendations relative to sentence.
While court and counsel were discussiong this matter, the bailiff announced that the 'young lady would like to tell the truth.' Leola Hudson then told the court that defendant had been at her home on June 11, but that he had stayed there only until about 1:30; that A. C. Young had told her to testify that defendant had been there until 2:30; and that Young was supposed to be a witness in the case. After hearing this statement, the court indicated possible contempt proceedings against Leola Hudson and A. C. Young, and announced that the defendant's sentence would be 15 to 30 years.
The defendant then asked permission to address the court. After being admonished to tell the truth, defendant said: Defendant then made a lengthy statement to the court in which he recited that he had 'stuck the place up'; that he had received on half of the money taken which amounted to about $2,800; that he had made a similar statement to the police; but that the witnesses against him had lied in that his arm was not deformed and his coat was not too large. After hearing defendant's statements, the court indicated that the sentence, as previously announced, would stand. The errors urged on this appeal must be considered in the light of defendant's confession made in open court.
We find no prejudicial error in the trial court's examination of the witness Leola Hudson. Though such examination rests largely in the discretion of the trial judge, it should rarely be extensive and should always be conducted in a fair and impartial manner. People v. Marino, 414 Ill. 445, 111 N.E.2d 534; People v. Bernstein, 250...
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