People v. Joyner

• Decision Date: 30 October 1984
• Citation: 207 Cal.Rptr. 636,161 Cal.App.3d 364
• Court: California Court of Appeals Court of Appeals
• Parties: The PEOPLE of the State of California, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. Eric William JOYNER, Defendant and Appellant. In re Eric William JOYNER On Habeas Corpus. A025978, A027430.

Page 636

207 Cal.Rptr. 636

161 Cal.App.3d 364

The PEOPLE of the State of California, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. Eric William JOYNER, Defendant and Appellant.

In re Eric William JOYNER On Habeas Corpus.

A025978, A027430.

Court of Appeal, First District, Division 3, California.

Oct. 30, 1984.

Hearing Denied Dec. 20, 1984.

Leland Nerio, San Jose, for defendant and appellant.

John K. Van de Kamp, Atty. Gen., Robert R. Granucci, Deputy Atty. Gen., San Francisco, for plaintiff and respondent.

ANDERSON, Associate Justice.

This is an appeal from a conviction for grand theft (PEN.CODE, §§ 484¹-487) and armed robbery ( §§ 211, 12022, subd. (a)) and a related petition for writ of habeas corpus.

On January 2, 1982, defendant, Eric William Joyner (appellant), was involved in an armed robbery at the Big Steer Restaurant in Sunnyvale, California. Subsequently, on November 20, 1982, appellant committed grand theft by taking the cash receipts from a Shell gas station in Mountain View, California. On January 5, 1983, California issued arrest warrants for both armed robbery and grand theft.

Appellant fled to Florida and while there, he committed burglary, grand theft and violated his Florida probation. On March 15, 1983, appellant was arrested in Florida for the crimes committed in that state and subsequently he was also placed on a California warrant hold. On July 19, 1983, judgment of the Florida conviction for burglary and grand theft and sentence of three years in the Florida state prison was entered. On September 2, 1983, the Florida court also found appellant in violation of his probation and sentenced him to a concurrent three years' term.

On September 17, 1983, appellant was returned to California and booked into the Santa Clara County jail. Following preliminary examination on September 30, 1982, he was charged with armed robbery and grand theft--both committed in California in 1982. On November 21, 1983, appellant pled guilty to both charges with the understanding that (1) he would receive no more than four years state prison, (2) the court could not tell how much, if any, credit he might receive for his Florida time, and (3) the California sentence will be served independently of the Florida sentence; on December 29, 1983, he was sentenced to state prison for a total term of four years. Pursuant to plea negotiations the trial court struck appellant's priors but refused to award any pretrial custody credit for time served in Florida or California prior to December 29, 1983.

Appellant's primary contention on appeal and in his accompanying habeas corpus petition ² is that the trial court erred in denying presentence custody credit. Appellant argues that he is entitled (1) to pretrial custody credit for the entire period running from March 15, 1983, to December 29, 1983 ( § 2900.5; In re Atiles (1983) 33 Cal.3d 805, 191 Cal.Rptr. 452, 662 P.2d 910; In re Watson (1977) 19 Cal.3d 646, 139 Cal.Rptr. 609, 566 P.2d 243; People v. Schaaf (1983) 150 Cal.App.3d 45, 197 Cal.Rptr. 458), and (2) to good time/work time credit for said period. Respondent concedes that appellant is entitled to presentence custody credit for the Florida incarceration from the date of the California hold until imposition of the Florida sentence. We disagree with both appellant and respondent and affirm the judgment below.

As a general statutory rule, the defendant is entitled to presentence credit for any time spent in custody prior to trial. ( § 2900.5, subd. (a).) The award of pretrial custody credit, however, is not without limitation. Section 2900.5, subdivision (b) does impose a curtailment on the presentence credit by providing in pertinent part that: "For the purposes of this section, credit shall be given only where the custody to be credited is attributable to proceedings related to the same conduct for which the defendant has been convicted."

Cases interpreting the above provision explain that credit shall be given only where the custody is related to the same offense for which the defendant has been convicted. Consistent therewith, it has been held that where the defendant has already been sentenced for a prior, unrelated offense, his pretrial incarceration for a new charge cannot be attributed to the new proceeding. As a consequence, the defendant in such an instance is not entitled to custodial credit against his new sentence. (In re Rojas (1979) 23 Cal.3d 152, 155-156, 151 Cal.Rptr. 649, 588 P.2d 789.)

However, when a defendant is incarcerated pending resolution of related and unrelated offenses, whether he is entitled to presentence credit on the last sentenced (related) offense may depend on whether the incarceration for that offense preceded or followed the restraints imposed for the unrelated offense. If the defendant first lost his freedom and was incarcerated for charges relating to the last sentenced offense, he is entitled to all presentence jail time even if he was, in the meanwhile, sentenced for the unrelated offense. (In re Atiles, supra, 33 Cal.3d 805, 191 Cal.Rptr. 452, 662 P.2d 910; People v. Schaaf, supra, 150 Cal.App.3d 45, 197 Cal.Rptr. 458.) On the other hand, if the restraint on the defendant was first imposed for an unrelated offense, the fact that the defendant was subsequently held also for another offense does not entitle him to pretrial custody credit against the sentence on that other offense because "Section 2900.5 does not authorize credit where the pending proceeding has no effect whatever upon a defendant's liberty." (In re Rojas, supra, 23 Cal.3d at 156, 151 Cal.Rptr. 649, 588 P.2d 789.)

As appellant aptly points out, the case controlling the present situation is People v. Schaaf, supra, 150 Cal.App.3d 45, 197 Cal.Rptr. 458. In Schaaf, appellant was arrested for murder on September 7, 1982. On January 7, 1983, he pled guilty to the lesser included offense of voluntary manslaughter and on February 7, 1983, he was sentenced to prison for six years. While these proceedings were in progress, appellant also had other charges pending against him. For on November 12, 1980, he had pled nolo contendere to vehicular manslaughter and was placed on three years' probation on condition he serve 180 days in the county jail. But on February 11, 1981, appellant failed to appear for arraignment on a driving under the influence charge and as a consequence, a bench warrant was issued for his arrest. On March 13, 1981, probation was revoked in the vehicular manslaughter action and another bench warrant was issued for appellant's arrest for violation of probation. On September 10, 1982, appellant was sentenced to 180 days in the county jail for violation of probation. On November 17, 1982, appellant was sentenced to another 270 days for the misdemeanor driving offense. In the new proceeding for voluntary manslaughter the trial court allowed only four days' pre-custody credit (that is, for appellant's incarceration between his September 7, 1982, arrest and his September 10, 1982, sentencing for violation of probation).

Relying primarily on Atiles, the appellate court modified the sentence and awarded appellant pretrial custody credit for the entire period of his pretrial incarceration (from September 7, 1982, to February 7, 1983) on the basis that appellant suffered restraints on his freedom due to the recent murder charge and that the additional restraints for the unrelated offenses followed rather than preceded the restraints imposed for the pending offense. The precise holding of the court reads as follows: "We conclude from Atiles that except for the Rojas situation where the defendant is already serving a sentence when restraints related to the instant sentencing are first imposed, that a defendant is entitled to presentence credit under section 2900.5 for all presentence jail time spent while awaiting sentence in the pending case. Such presentence jail time is deemed attributable to the pending offense even though restraints on other unrelated cases were also imposed on the defendant, provided that the restraints on the unrelated cases did not precede the restraints caused by the pending case." (People v. Schaaf, supra, 150 Cal.App.3d at pp. 51-52, 197 Cal.Rptr. 458, emphasis added.)

The facts of the instant case reveal that on March 15, 1983, appellant was arrested for the unrelated offenses of burglary and grand theft in Florida, and was held in custody because of those charges. (Case No. CRC 83-2396 CFANO, Sixth Judicial Circuit Court, Pinellas County, Florida.) California law enforcement authorities were contacted by the Florida police after appellant had already been arrested for felonies committed in Florida and the California warrant hold was placed on appellant subsequent to his loss of freedom for the Florida unrelated offenses. Moreover, during his incarceration in Florida appellant was sentenced twice: on July 19, 1983, he received three years for burglary and grand theft, and on September 2, 1983, he was sentenced to an additional three years for violation of his Florida probation. Since it is clear that the restraint placed on appellant for the California charges followed rather than preceded the restraint imposed upon him for the Florida unrelated offenses, the conclusion is inescapable that under Schaaf appellant was entitled to no pretrial credit at all against his California sentence. As a consequence, the trial court's ruling denying presentence custody credit was correct.

Lastly, we observe that In re...