People v. Lidgren, 85CA1687

• Decision Date: 26 March 1987
• Docket Number: No. 85CA1687,85CA1687
• Citation: 739 P.2d 895
• Parties: The PEOPLE of the State of Colorado, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Victor Joe LIDGREN, Defendant-Appellant. . I
• Court: Colorado Court of Appeals

Page 895

739 P.2d 895

The PEOPLE of the State of Colorado, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Victor Joe LIDGREN, Defendant-Appellant.

No. 85CA1687.

Colorado Court of Appeals Div. I.

March 26, 1987.

Rehearings Denied April 23, 1987.

Certiorari Denied July 27, 1987.

Duane Woodard, Atty. Gen., Charles B. Howe, Chief Deputy Atty. Gen., Richard H. Forman, Sol. Gen., Clement P. Engle, Asst. Atty. Gen., Denver, for plaintiff-appellee.

David F. Vela, Colorado State Public Defender, Forrest W. Lewis, Sp. Deputy State Public Defender, Denver, for defendant-appellant.

PIERCE, Judge.

Defendant, Victor Joe Lidgren, appeals from the judgment of conviction entered upon a jury verdict finding him guilty of theft by receiving. We affirm.

While driving his automobile one night in a commercial area after the stores were closed, defendant was stopped by police for failure to observe a flashing red light. During the course of the stop, the officer noticed a large quantity of ski jackets and blue jeans piled high on the back seat. Through the car window, he was able to see that the clothing appeared new and unwrinkled. He further noted that the clothing displayed price tags and brand name labels, and that the jackets were on wooden hangers. The officer questioned defendant concerning the goods, and defendant replied that he had purchased the clothing at a flea market four days earlier.

Shortly thereafter, two additional police officers arrived at the scene. One of these officers informed the others of a previous stop of the defendant that night. After conferring with his fellow officers, the officer making the stop returned to defendant's car, and asked to examine the clothing. Defendant agreed, and the clothing was removed from the back seat. Defendant was then asked "if he would mind if [the officers] took some photos of the jackets that he had." He agreed and allowed police to photograph the clothing.

During the photographing, the radio dispatch officer was notified and began to check for recent burglaries in the vicinity; however, none had been reported. After learning this, the investigating officers ticketed defendant for the traffic infraction and allowed him to leave. The entire stop, including the photographing, detained defendant approximately one hour.

Hours later, the police learned of a burglary at a nearby clothing store. The store owner was able to provide police with a list and detailed description of the missing inventory. The police then provided the owner with the photographs they had taken, and he identified the pictured goods as the stolen merchandise.

Subsequently, defendant was arrested, but the articles of clothing were no longer in his possession.

I.

Defendant asserts error in the trial court's denial of his motion to suppress the photographs. Specifically, defendant contends that the additional length of his detention beyond the time necessary for the investigatory stop of the traffic infraction was impermissible, and therefore, the photographs were obtained in violation of his Fourth Amendment rights.

Defendant's detention, including its extended duration, was valid if: (1) the police had an articulable and specific basis in fact for suspecting that criminal activity had taken place; (2) the purpose of the interference with defendant's liberty was reasonable; and (3) the character of the intrusion was reasonably related to its purpose. Stone v. People, 174 Colo. 504, 485 P.2d 495 (1971).

First, we agree with the trial court that, under the totality of the circumstances, there was a reasonable suspicion of criminal activity. See People v. Hazelhurst, 662 P.2d 1081 (Colo.1983). The officer's testimony regarding the appearance of the clothing was sufficient to justify the suspicion that the goods were stolen.

Second, once a reasonable suspicion of criminal activity was formed, it was reasonable to determine whether any crime had been reported. Thus, the purpose of the interference with defendant's liberty was reasonable.

Third, we reject defendant's primary contention that the thirty to forty minute delay attributable to determining whether any crime had been reported was unreasonable. It is true that, generally, whenever detention by a police officer is more than brief, there is an arrest which must be supported by probable cause. People v. Schreyer, 640 P.2d 1147 (Colo.1982). However, when determining whether a detention is too long in duration, it is appropriate to examine whether police were diligent in pursuing a means of investigation likely to resolve their suspicions quickly. United States v. Sharpe, 470 U.S. 675, 105 S.Ct. 1568, 84 L.Ed.2d 605 (1985). It is also relevant to consider the circumstances during the stop which give rise to deeper suspicion or justify longer detention. See United States v. Sharpe, supra; see also 3 W. LaFave, Search & Seizure: A Treatise on the Fourth Amendment § 9.2 (1978).

Under the circumstances here, we hold that the character and length of defendant's detention was consistent with careful and reasonable police investigation. At the scene of the stop, a passenger in defendant's car voluntarily told police that defendant had picked him up approximately ten minutes prior. However, an officer at the...