People v. Novotny
| Decision Date | 22 August 2018 |
| Docket Number | S.C.I. Nos. 214/13, 263/13,2016–06175,2016–06176 |
| Citation | 79 N.Y.S.3d 554 (Mem),164 A.D.3d 836 |
| Parties | The PEOPLE, etc., respondent, v. Kyle S. NOVOTNY, appellant. |
| Court | New York Supreme Court — Appellate Division |
Yasmin Daley Duncan, Brooklyn, NY, for appellant.
Robert V. Tendy, District Attorney, Carmel, N.Y. (David M. Bishop of counsel), for respondent.
RUTH C. BALKIN, J.P., LEONARD B. AUSTIN, SYLVIA O. HINDS–RADIX, FRANCESCA E. CONNOLLY, JJ.
DECISION & ORDER
Appeals by the defendant from two judgments of the County Court, Putnam County (James F. Reitz, J.), both rendered April 28, 2016, as amended May 3, 2016. The first judgment, as amended, under Superior Court Information No. 214/13, convicted the defendant of criminal possession of a controlled substance in the third degree, upon his plea of guilty, sentenced him to a determinate term of seven years' imprisonment and two years' postrelease supervision, and imposed a fine of $5,000. The second judgment, as amended, under Superior Court Information No. 263/13, convicted the defendant of criminal possession of a controlled substance in the third degree, upon his plea of guilty, and sentenced him to a determinate term of seven years' imprisonment and two years' postrelease supervision, with the sentences to run consecutively.
ORDERED that the judgments, as amended, are modified, as a matter of discretion in the interest of justice, by reducing each of the sentences imposed to a determinate term of four years' imprisonment and two years' postrelease supervision, to be run concurrently, and the provision of the judgment, as amended, under Superior Court Information No. 214/13 imposing a fine of $5,000 is vacated; as so modified, the judgments, as amended, are affirmed.
Under the circumstances of this case, the defendant's purported waivers of his right to appeal were unenforceable. A waiver of the right to appeal "is effective only so long as the record demonstrates that it was made knowingly, intelligently and voluntarily" ( People v. Lopez, 6 N.Y.3d 248, 256, 811 N.Y.S.2d 623, 844 N.E.2d 1145 ; see People v. Bradshaw, 18 N.Y.3d 257, 264, 938 N.Y.S.2d 254, 961 N.E.2d 645 ; People v. Conley, 150 A.D.3d 1023, 1024, 55 N.Y.S.3d 320 ; People v. Brown, 122 A.D.3d 133, 136, 992 N.Y.S.2d 297 ). "An appellate waiver meets this standard when a defendant has a full appreciation of the consequences of such waiver" ( People v. Bradshaw, 18 N.Y.3d at 264, 938 N.Y.S.2d 254, 961 N.E.2d 645 [internal quotation marks omitted]; see People v. Sanders, 25 N.Y.3d 337, 12 N.Y.S.3d 593, 34 N.E.3d 344 ; People v. Brown, 122 A.D.3d at 136, 992 N.Y.S.2d 297 ). "[F]actors individual to each defendant, such as the defendant's ‘age, experience and background,’ may be relevant in assessing the validity of a particular appeal waiver" ( People v. Brown, 122 A.D.3d at 138, 992 N.Y.S.2d 297, quoting People v. Bradshaw, 18 N.Y.3d at 264–265, 938 N.Y.S.2d 254, 961 N.E.2d 645 ; see People v. Sanders, 25 N.Y.3d 337, 12 N.Y.S.3d 593, 34 N.E.3d 344 ).
Here, in light of the defendant's age and lack of experience with the criminal justice system, the colloquies in which the prosecutors engaged with the defendant were insufficient to produce a knowing, voluntary, and intelligent waiver (see People v. Bradshaw, 18 N.Y.3d at 265–266, 938 N.Y.S.2d 254, 961 N.E.2d 645 ; People v. Conley, 150 A.D.3d at 1024, 55 N.Y.S.3d 320 ; People v. DeMicheli, 129 A.D.3d at 743, 10 N.Y.S.3d 330 ; cf. People v. Sanders, 25 N.Y.3d at 342, 12 N.Y.S.3d 593, 34 N.E.3d 344 ). Indeed, the nature of the right to appeal was never described, even in passing. Moreover, although the record contains a written waiver, there is no indication on the record that the County Court obtained an acknowledgment from the defendant that he had even read the waiver (see People v. Gordon, 127 A.D.3d 1230, 1231, 5 N.Y.S.3d 900 ; People v. Brown, 122 A.D.3d at 145, 992 N.Y.S.2d 297 ...
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