People v. Poplar

• Decision Date: 25 November 1969
• Docket Number: No. 2,Docket No. 4773,2
• Citation: 20 Mich.App. 132,173 N.W.2d 732
• Parties: PEOPLE of the State of Michigan, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Marathon POPLAR, Defendant-Appellant
• Court: Court of Appeal of Michigan — District of US

Page 732

173 N.W.2d 732

20 Mich.App. 132

PEOPLE of the State of Michigan, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Marathon POPLAR, Defendant-Appellant.

Docket No. 4773.

Court of Appeals of Michigan, Division No. 2.

Nov. 25, 1969.

Released for Publication Feb. 9, 1970.

W. Schuyler Seymour, Jr., Draper, Daniel & Ruhala, Flint, for defendant-appellant.

Frank J. Kelley, Atty. Gen., Robert A. Derengoski, Sol. Gen., Lansing, Robert F. Leonard, Pros. Atty., Donald A. Kuebler, Asst. Pros. Atty., Genesee County, Flint, for plaintiff-appellee.

Before J. H. GILLIS, P.J., and LEVIN and BRONSON, JJ.

J. H. GILLIS, Presiding Judge.

Defendant was charged, as an aider and abettor, ¹ of breaking and entering, ² and of assault with intent to commit murder. ³ At trial, defendant moved for a change of venue on the ground that pre-trial publicity would prevent him from having a fair and impartial trial. The trial court, after conducting a Voir dire examination of the jury, denied the motion. Defendant also moved for a directed verdict on both charges on the ground that there was insufficient evidence to submit the case, on either charge, to the jury. These motions were also denied. Defendant was found guilty on both counts by a jury and on appeal alleges that the denial of his motions for a change of venue and for a directed verdict was error.

The breaking and entering was of the Oak Park recreation building in Flint and was carried out in the early morning of December 3, 1964, by Alfred Williams and Clifford Lorrick. When the manager of the building discovered the two men, Williams shot him in the face with a shotgun. Defendant allegedly acted as a lookout.

Williams was tried as a codefendant and was convicted, along with this defendant, of breaking and entering and of assault with intent to commit murder. Williams' application for a delayed appeal was denied by this Court on April 18, 1967.

Lorrick pled guilty to breaking and entering on January 25, 1965, and testified for the prosecution at defendant's trial. He stated that he met defendant and Williams in a bar the night before the breaking and entering and left with them and two others. The five men allegedly drove around for a while before stopping to pick up some tools. They then took the tools and placed them in back of the bowling alley. An unsuccessful attempt to enter was made at that time. The group continued to drive around and during that time a shotgun that was in the car accidentally discharged, blowing a hole in the windshield. Just before the actual breaking and entering, the defendant, after getting out of the car with Lorrick and Williams, proceeded to a house directly across from the bowling alley. Lorrick testified that defendant went to see if anybody was watching.

Defendant took the stand and testified that he was in no way involved in the plans of Lorrick and Williams. He stated that the purpose of his going to the house across the street was to seek a friend who he thought would help him find employment.

In light of People v. Freeman (1969), 16 Mich.App. 63, 167 N.W.2d 810, the trial court's denial of defendant's motion for change of venue was not error. Neither was it error for the trial court to deny defendant's motion for directed verdict on the issue of whether defendant aided and abetted in the breaking and entering by acting as a lookout. The circumstances leading up to the offense, coupled with Lorrick's testimony, present sufficient evidence which, if believed by the jury, would support a conviction under the statute.

Since the jury found that defendant acted as a lookout, a more difficult question is whether defendant may be found guilty, as an aider and abettor, of assault with intent to commit murder.

Where a crime requires the existence of a specific intent, an alleged aider and abettor cannot be held as a principal unless he himself possessed the required intent or unless he aided and abetted in the perpetration of the crime knowing that the actual perpetrator had the required intent. 22 C.J.S. Criminal Law § 87; 21 Am.Jur.2d, Criminal Law, § 124.

'But it is the knowledge of the wrongful purpose of the actor plus the encouragement provided by the aider and abettor that makes the latter equally guilty. Although the guilt of the aider and abettor is dependent upon the actor's crime, the criminal intent of the aider and abettor is presumed from his actions with knowledge of the actor's wrongful purpose.' People v. Ellhamer (1962), 199 Cal.App.2d 777, 782, 18 Cal.Rptr. 905, 908.

There was no evidence that defendant harbored any intent to commit murder. Therefore, 'knowledge of the intent of Hill (Williams) to kill the deceased is a necessary element to constitute him (defendant) a principal. This, however, may be established either by direct or circumstantial evidence from which knowledge of the intent may be inferred.' Lee v. State (1948), 152 Tex.Cr.R. 401, 214 S.W.2d 619.

A typical case of this kind is one where, as here, a crime not specifically within the common intent and purpose is committed during an escape. Convictions for aiding and abetting such crimes have been carefully scrutinized. In People v. Knapp (1872), 26 Mich. 112, the defendant had gathered with several other men in an upper story of his building for the purpose of having forcible sexual intercourse with the deceased against her will. In order to avoid arrest, all the parties jumped out of a window. After the defendant had jumped, the deceased was either pushed or thrown out of the window by one of the other men present. As a result, she suffered injuries from which she died. Knapp was tried separately on an information charging him and the others with murder and was convicted of manslaughter. In reversing the conviction, the Court stated,

'The conviction of manslaughter could only have been under certain portions of the charge, permitting the jury to find it in case the injury was caused in an attempt of the various persons assembled in the paint shop to avoid an arrest. The language of the court, repeated nearly in the same terms twice, was as follows:

"In this case, if the jury should be satisfied (beyond the doubt that I have spoken of) that these defendants combined for the purpose of inducing this girl to go to that shop for the purpose of prostitution, and that they did induce her to go, and while at the shop all had connection with her, and, in order to avoid arrest or exposure, threw her out of the window, without the intention of killing her, but by it she received injuries which caused her death, it would be manslaughter, because they were engaged in an act against public morals, and unlawful.'

'And the court refused to charge that, if the act was done under these circumstances without the concurrence of Knapp, he should not be convicted. Also refused to...