People v. Stauber
| Decision Date | 17 July 2003 |
| Parties | THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, Respondent,<BR>v.<BR>BRUCE STAUBER, Appellant. |
| Court | New York Supreme Court — Appellate Division |
After an extensive, multi-county investigation regarding an organized drug distribution network, defendant and several other individuals were indicted on multiple counts. In satisfaction of the charges in the indictment, defendant pleaded guilty to one count of criminal possession of a controlled substance in the third degree. He was sentenced to an indeterminate prison term of 3 to 9 years pursuant to the plea agreement, and now appeals.
Defendant argues that the indictment must be dismissed because it was not signed by the grand jury foreperson as required by statute (see CPL 200.50 [8]). Defendant did not move to dismiss the indictment on this ground and waived his right to appeal as part of his plea, so this unpreserved argument is reviewable as of right only if the missing signature renders the indictment jurisdictionally defective (see People v Iannone, 45 NY2d 589, 600 [1978]; People v Sayles, 292 AD2d 641, 643 [2002], lv denied 98 NY2d 681 [2002]; People v Diaz, 233 AD2d 777, 777 [1996]; People v Webb, 177 AD2d 524 [1991], lv denied 79 NY2d 924 [1992]).
More than a century ago, the Court of Appeals held that where an indictment did not include the grand jury foreperson's indorsement but the grand jury appeared in open court to duly present the indictment, it is assumed that it was presented according to law; the certification is not part of the indictment but merely statutory proof of authentication, and the record of personal appearance before the court evidences the authentication (see Brotherton v People, 75 NY 159, 162 [1878]). Similarly, here, the foreperson's signature was absent from the indictment, but when it was handed up and unsealed, the foreperson was present in court and swore under oath that the indictment—described by caption, indictment number and counts—had been voted upon as a true bill by the required number of grand jurors. While a technical violation of the statute (see CPL 200.50 [8]), and not to be condoned as a routine practice, this procedure satisfied the purpose of authentication. Questions regarding the sufficiency of grand jury evidence were addressed by defendant through appropriate motions (see CPL 210.30). Hence, the indictment should not be dismissed, and complaints regarding this technical, nonjurisdictional defect were forfeited by defendant's plea of guilty (see People v Cox, 275 AD2d 924, 925 [2000], lv denied 95 NY2d 962 [2000]).
Because we find the indictment valid, we reject defendant's ineffective assistance of counsel...
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