People v. Torre
| Decision Date | 06 October 1977 |
| Citation | 369 N.E.2d 759,42 N.Y.2d 1036,399 N.Y.S.2d 203 |
| Parties | , 369 N.E.2d 759 The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Dominic T. TORRE, Appellant. |
| Court | New York Court of Appeals Court of Appeals |
Hal R. Lieberman and William E. Hellerstein, New York City, for appellant.
Thomas R. Sullivan, Dist. Atty. (George E. McVay, Staten Island, of counsel), for respondent.
The order of the Appellate Division is reversed and a new trial ordered. The primary question at trial was whether the defendant was justified in striking the victim (Penal Law § 35.15). During trial, defendant explained that he was drawn to the scene of the altercation when he heard his brother calling out, and upon arrival, he saw his brother lying on the ground with the victim, James Kelly, standing over him and kicking him. He further testified that he climbed over a fence which separated him from the scene of the incident, and approached Kelly who turned abruptly and swung at him with a hammer which was held in his left hand, and when defendant backed off Kelly again struck at him with a screwdriver he held in his other hand. At this point the defendant grabbed the nearest instrument and swung at Kelly, striking him in the head. Kenneth Cellilo, an eyewitness to the incident, corroborated the defendant's testimony that Kelly first swung at him with a hammer. The justification statute (Penal Law, § 35.15), as applicable in this case, sets forth two types of justification: self-defense and the defense of another. The defendant quite correctly asserted at trial that he was entitled to a charge of justification under both categories. In determining the requirements of the court's charge, the defendant is entitled to the most favorable view of the evidence (People v. Steele, 26 N.Y.2d 526, 529, 311 N.Y.S.2d 889, 891, 260 N.E.2d 527, 528), and on the basis of the above testimony a jury could have credited the defendant's story and found that he acted in self-defense. Although the court's charge tracked the statutory language on justification, a fair reading of the charge clearly indicates that the jury was advised only on justification in defense of another, without any instruction on the self-defense claim. This limitation was reversible error since the trial proof adequately raised the alternative ground of self-defense as a question of fact for the jury (People v. Shanis, 36 N.Y.2d 697, 698, 366 N.Y.S.2d 413, 414, 325 N.E.2d 873, 874). The court was obliged to make it clear that this case involved both types of justification, and failure to do so requires a new trial.
The defendant also challenges a court ruling that certain Grand Jury testimony, part of which was used by the prosecution on...
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