People v. Weinert

• Decision Date: 15 March 1971
• Docket Number: No. 25014,25014
• Citation: 174 Colo. 71,482 P.2d 103
• Parties: The PEOPLE of the State of Colorado, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Steven Earl WEINERT, Defendant-Appellant.
• Court: Colorado Supreme Court

Page 103

482 P.2d 103

174 Colo. 71

The PEOPLE of the State of Colorado, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Steven Earl WEINERT, Defendant-Appellant.

No. 25014.

Supreme Court of Colorado, En Banc.

March 15, 1971.

Robert L. Russel, Dist. Atty., Fourth Judicial District, Colorado Springs, for plaintiff-appellee.

Rollie R. Rogers, State Public Defender, Kevin R. O'Reilly, Deputy State Public Defender, Colorado Springs, for defendant-appellant.

DAY, Justice.

This is an interlocutory appeal of a trial court ruling which denied the defendant-appellant's motion to suppress as evidence quantities of marijuana recovered from his automobile.

The facts relevant to our disposition of this appeal are as follows: On August 23, 1970, at approximately 11:30 p.m., Deniel Casey, a civilian employee of the Colorado Springs Police Department, was leaving a local restaurant. While passing a parked car, he noticed the defendant and a 'young girl' bending over an open knapsack in the back seat. The flap of the knapsack was open, and the employee was able to observe several plastic bags inside; he was not, however, able to ascertain the contents of the bags. However, he also testified that the plastic bags were similar to those in which he had seen contraband such as marijuana stored. As he approached closer, the girl in the car was heard to say 'watch it' and the flap was closed. The civilian employee returned to the police station, related what he had seen and heard to officers, and furnished a description of the vehicle and its occupants. The officers went to the scene and waited for the suspects' return. When the defendant and the girl returned to the car and drove away, they were stopped, the defendant was arrested, and the closed knapsack was recovered from the rear seat. The contents of the bag subsequently tested as marijuana. The defendant has been charged with the unlawful possession of a narcotic drug, and contributing to juvenile delinquency.

The appellant asserts first that the materials recovered from the car should be suppressed, there being no probable cause for his arrest. His second contention is that, assuming for the purpose of argument the arrest was valid, the scope of a search incident to an arrest should not include the back seat of his car.

A search not conducted pursuant to a valid search warrant is justifiable only if incident to a valid arrest. Hernandez v. People, 153 Colo. 316, 385 P.2d 996; See also Harris v. United States, 331 U.S. 145, 67 S.Ct. 1098, 91 L.Ed. 1399. It is basic that an arrest with or without a warrant must stand on firmer ground than mere suspicion. Wong Sun v. United States, 371 U.S. 471, 83 S.Ct. 407, 9 L.Ed.2d 441, citing Henry v. United States, 361 U.S. 98, 80 S.Ct. 168, 4 L.Ed.2d 134.

This court has reviewed the standards for establishing probable cause for an arrest on numerous occasions in the past. These standards are:

'(P)robable cause exists where the facts and circumstances within the arresting officers' knowledge are sufficient in themselves to warrant a man of reasonable caution to believe that an offense has been or is being committed. In dealing with probable cause, as the very name implies, we deal with probabilities. These are not technical; they are the factual and practical considerations of everyday life on which reasonable...