People v. Wilson

• Decision Date: 30 April 2009
• Docket Number: 100876.
• Citation: 61 A.D.3d 1269,877 N.Y.S.2d 761,2009 NY Slip Op 03412
• Parties: THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, Respondent, v. JOHN T. WILSON, Appellant.
• Court: New York Supreme Court — Appellate Division

61 A.D.3d 1269

877 N.Y.S.2d 761

2009 NY Slip Op 03412

THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, Respondent, v. JOHN T. WILSON, Appellant.

100876.

Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, Third Department.

Decided April 30, 2009.

Appeal from a judgment of the County Court of Rensselaer County (McGrath, J.), rendered May 9, 2006, upon a verdict convicting defendant of the crime of manslaughter in the second degree.

CARDONA, P.J.

During the early morning hours of September 10, 2005, the victim arrived in an intoxicated state at a party held in an apartment in the City of Troy, Rensselaer County, with the expressed purpose of retrieving a shotgun that allegedly belonged to him. Defendant, a close friend of the victim, and another individual, identified as Johnny Falu, both attended the same party and were in possession of shotguns. According to witnesses, defendant and Falu argued about the ownership of the shotgun carried by Falu. The victim then asked defendant if he could speak to him and the two men entered a small bathroom in the apartment. Shortly thereafter, Falu joined them in the bathroom and closed the door. Witnesses then heard "yelling, arguing" and scuffling noises that sounded "[l]ike somebody was fighting." Finally, they heard the sounds of at least one gunshot.¹ It is undisputed that the victim was shot in the head with the shotgun carried by defendant and the victim died at the scene. Defendant and Falu fled the apartment and, while defendant initially hid the weapon and lied about his involvement in the shooting, he later led the police to the shotgun's location. He also gave a statement setting forth, among other things, that he "accidentally killed one of [his] best friends" when he pulled the trigger of a shotgun that was not supposed to fire "because the safety was supposed to be on."

Thereafter, an indictment was handed up charging defendant with one count of depraved indifference murder in the second degree. Following all the proof at trial, County Court, in its instruction, also charged to the jury the lesser included offenses of manslaughter in the second degree and criminally negligent homicide. Defendant was acquitted of depraved indifference murder, but found guilty of manslaughter in the second degree. He was sentenced to a prison term of 5 to 15 years, prompting this appeal.

Initially, defendant maintains that the jury's verdict as to manslaughter in the second degree was against the weight of the evidence. We do not agree. Assuming arguendo that "an acquittal on this particular charge would not have been unreasonable, we must weigh conflicting testimony, review any rational inferences that may be drawn from the evidence and evaluate the strength of such conclusions" (People v Baker, 58 AD3d 1069, 1071 [2009] [internal quotation marks and citation omitted]; see CPL 470.15 [5]; People v Danielson, 9 NY3d 342, 348 [2007]; People v Richardson, 55 AD3d 934, 935 [2008], lv dismissed 11 NY3d 857 [2008]). In conducting that review, the evidence is viewed in a neutral light and we accord deference to the jury's credibility determinations (see People v Collins, 56 AD3d 809, 810 [2008], lv denied 11 NY3d 923 [2009]).

Here, the evidence showed that the victim, while intoxicated, engaged in a heated argument with Falu as to the ownership of a shotgun. Although the witnesses indicated that the argument did not appear to be between defendant and the victim, the proof, nevertheless, showed that defendant participated in the discussion while carrying a loaded weapon. Forensic proof established that this weapon was next to the victim's head at the time it discharged. Moreover, defendant, in his statement to the police, admitted he pulled the trigger of that gun. While he also indicated he pulled the trigger under the mistaken belief that the safety was engaged, he further acknowledged an awareness that various guns have different, potentially confusing, types of safeties.² Contrary to defendant's argument, the proof submitted by the People cumulatively supports a finding that defendant acted recklessly in "consciously disregard[ing] a substantial and unjustifiable risk" (Penal Law § 15.05 [3]; see Penal Law § 125.15 [1]) and, further, that the verdict was not against the weight of the evidence.

Next, defendant asserts that County Court erred in denying his postsummation motion seeking to dismiss the indictment on the basis that, during the course of the prosecutor's summation, the People allegedly changed their theory of the case from depraved indifference murder, as charged in the indictment, to that of intentional murder, which was unsupported by the evidence in the record.³ While it is a fundamental right that a defendant "be tried and convicted of only those crimes and upon only those theories charged in the indictment" (People v McCallar, 53 AD3d 1063, 1064 [2008], lv denied 11 NY3d 833 [2008] [internal quotation marks and citations omitted]), here, we conclude that defendant received appropriate notice of the accusation against him (see id.), and the prosecutor did not commit reversible error in his summation.

Significantly, defendant primarily takes issue with the prosecutor's remarks to the effect that the shooting was "not an accident" and, instead, defendant "deliberate[ly]" put a loaded shotgun to his friend's head in a tiny room where tempers were flaring and pulled the trigger. However, the fact that defendant affirmatively pulled the trigger is an appropriate characterization of defendant's own admission that he did so, regardless of the claimed mistake regarding the safety mechanism that is fully set forth in the statement submitted into...