Petry v. Cosmopolitan Spa Intern., Inc.
Decision Date | 25 June 1982 |
Citation | 641 S.W.2d 202 |
Parties | Shirley PETRY, Appellant, v. COSMOPOLITAN SPA INTERNATIONAL, INC., and Holiday Spa of Tennessee, Inc., Appellees. 641 S.W.2d 202 |
Court | Tennessee Court of Appeals |
Generally, contractual rights can be assigned.
Richard A. Schulman of Reingold, Powers, Schulman & Robbins, Chattanooga, for appellant.
Samuel F. Robinson, Jr., of Robinson, Stanley & Burnette, Chattanooga, for appellees.
On August 8, 1978, appellant Shirley Petry contracted with Appellee, Cosmopolitan Spa International, Inc. (Cosmopolitan), for a membership in its spa which was to include "processing, program counseling and facilities usage...." The written contract contained the following exculpatory clause:
On or about January 1, 1980, appellee, Cosmopolitan, sold the spa to appellee, Holiday Spa of Tennessee, Inc. (Holiday). On February 25, 1980, appellant injured or reinjured her back when she sat on an exercise machine and it collapsed under her. Appellant brought this suit on January 14, 1981, in the Circuit Court of Hamilton County against appellees for damages for personal injuries resulting from appellees' alleged negligence in maintaining the exercise machine in a dangerous condition.
Appellees moved for summary judgment based largely on the argument that the exculpatory clause in the membership contract barred appellant's claim. The trial judge granted appellees' motion, holding that the exculpatory clause was good, that the contract was enforceable by both Cosmopolitan as principal and by Holiday as either assignee or agent, and that appellant's action was therefore barred. Appellant now appeals to this Court. We affirm the trial judge in his summary judgment decision.
The exculpatory clause in this case was clearly enforceable, and the contract containing it was assignable to Holiday. Appellant's suit is barred as a matter of law and was properly dismissed by summary judgment.
The Supreme Court of Tennessee held in Empress Health and Beauty Spa, Inc. v. Turner, 503 S.W.2d 188 (Tenn.1973), that an exculpatory clause of almost the exact type and wording as the one in this case was valid and enforceable. That case is both factually and legally on point with this one. The trial judge below correctly recognized this in his summary judgment opinion. Like the court below, we are compelled by the doctrine of stare decisis to follow this holding. Empress is a clear and unambiguous decision by the highest court of this state and has never been altered or overruled. It controls in this case.
Appellant contends that our Supreme Court's decision in Olson v. Molzen, 558 S.W.2d 429 (Tenn.1977), compels that the exculpatory clause in this case be struck down as against public policy. We disagree. Olson adopted the criteria for assessing exculpatory clauses used in Tunkl v. Regents of University of California, 60 Cal.2d 92, 32 Cal.Rptr. 33, 383 P.2d 441 (1963). Olson did not overrule Empress. Health spas are not businesses "of a type generally thought suitable for public regulation." It does not appear that the policy considerations established in Olson would change the result in Empress, which, as has been stated, is directly applicable to this case. Therefore, the exculpatory clause in question is valid in Tennessee.
Appellant also contends that even if the exculpatory clause is valid, it does not protect appellee, Holiday, from liability because it could not be assigned. Again, we must disagree. The exculpatory clause in this contract was a right of appellee Cosmopolitan. Generally, contractual rights can be assigned:
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