Pettry v. Pettry

• Decision Date: 19 November 1984
• Docket Number: No. 47896,47896
• Citation: 20 OBR 454,486 N.E.2d 213,20 Ohio App.3d 350
• Parties: , 20 O.B.R. 454 PETTRY, Appellee, v. PETTRY, Appellant.
• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals

Page 350

20 Ohio App.3d 350

486 N.E.2d 213, 20 O.B.R. 454

PETTRY, Appellee, v. PETTRY, Appellant.

No. 47896.

Court of Appeals of Ohio, Eighth District, Cuyahoga County.

Nov. 19, 1984.

Syllabus by the Court

1. A noncustodial parent's right of visitation with his children is a natural right and should be denied only under extraordinary circumstances, such as unfitness of the noncustodial parent or a showing that visitation with the noncustodial parent would cause harm to the children. The burden of proof in this regard is on the party contesting visitation privileges.

2. If a child is actually unwilling to see the noncustodial parent and no useful purpose would be served by forcing visitation, visitation privileges may be denied. However, until a child can affirmatively and independently decide not to have any visitation with the noncustodial parent, the relationship between the child and the noncustodial parent should not be totally severed.

Jennifer Monroe, Cleveland, for appellee.

Cain & Cain and Elizabeth A. Cain, Cleveland, for appellant.

NAHRA, Judge.

Following the divorce of Dennis Pettry, appellant, and Regina Pettry, now Regina Vilscek, appellee, on February 10, 1981, the trial court awarded custody of their two youngest children, Michael (born July 21, 1971) and Rodney (born August 7, 1972), to appellee and awarded custody of the oldest child, Dennis, Jr. (born August 20, 1969), to appellant. The trial court's order did not contain a visitation provision, but only provided communication rights for the noncustodial parent.

On September 17, 1982, appellant filed a motion to modify the court's order to include visitation privileges with his two younger sons. At the hearing on appellant's motion on November 7, 1983, appellant testified that he loved Michael and Rodney as he loves Dennis, Jr., that he has not harmed them, and that he wants only a few hours a week with his sons. Dennis, Jr. testified that he enjoys living with his father and that he gets along "good" with his father. He testified that his father helps him with his math and that he has won trophies playing on the baseball team that his father coaches. Dennis also told the court that Michael and Rodney told him that their mother would not allow them to visit with their father and that Rodney once said that he was afraid to. Finally, on behalf of appellant, the Reverend David Eubert, who has known the Pettrys for about eight years, testified that while visiting appellee, he heard her threaten to put Michael and Rodney back in a foster home if they visited their father. ¹ Reverend Eubert could not think of any reason to deny appellant visitation privileges.

Appellee, who was not at the hearing but who was represented by counsel, did not cross-examine appellant or his witnesses. The only evidence presented by appellee was a written report containing a psychological evaluation of Michael and Rodney prepared by Sue White, a psychologist at Cleveland Metropolitan General Hospital, Child Mental Health Division. According to the report, White saw Michael and Rodney at intervals between May 24, 1983, and June 22, 1983.

Michael told White that before his parents' divorce, his father beat his mother, his brother Denny, and him. He said his father was mean and he hated him. The last time he saw his father was long ago, and he recalled his father threatened to hit him on that occasion. Michael told White he would run away if he had to visit his father. Michael sees his brother Denny occasionally and is concerned about Denny's welfare since Denny lives with his father. He believed Denny was not eating and was being whipped. White recommended that Michael be given his wish not to visit his father.

Rodney told White that living with his father was "terrible," but he could not recall any specific incidents. Rodney did not remember his father hitting him, but he did recall his father hitting his mother and Denny. Rodney said he hated his father and he didn't feel his father loved Denny. White recommended that Rodney not visit his father as well if Rodney so chose.

After considering the testimony of appellant and his son, Denny, the evaluation prepared by White, and an unrecorded in camera conversation with Michael and Rodney held at a previous hearing, the court concluded that it would not be in the best interests of the children to see their father and overruled appellant's motion. Appellant timely appealed, raising the following assignment of error:

"The order which overrules Appellant's Motion to Modify Visitation, and which denies Appellant the right to visitation with his minor children, is Unreasonable, Contrary to Law, Against the Manifest Weight of the Evidence, and therefore constitutes an Abuse of Discretion by the Trial Court."

A noncustodial parent's right of visitation with his children is a natural right. Porter v. Porter (1971), 25 Ohio St.2d 123, 267 N.E.2d 299 ; see Foster v. Foster (1974), 40 Ohio App.2d 257, 272, 319 N.E.2d 395 (Strausbaugh, J., concurring in part). As such, the right of visitation, albeit not absolute, should be denied only under extraordinary circumstances. Foster, supra at 272, 319 N.E.2d 395; accord Sholty v. Sherrill (1981), 129 Ariz. 458, 632 P.2d 268; Devine v. Devine (1963), 213 Cal.App.2d 549, 29 Cal.Rptr. 132; In re Two Minor Children (1961), 53 Del. (3 Storey) 565, 173 A.2d 876; Wilson v. Wilson (1953), 73 Idaho 326, 252 P.2d 197; Willey v. Willey (1962), 253 Iowa 1294, 115 N.W.2d 833; Radford v. Matczuk (1960), 223 Md. 483, 164 A.2d 904; Syas v. Syas (1948), 150 Neb. 533, 34 N.W.2d 884; Kresnicka v. Kresnicka (1973), 42 App.Div.2d 607, 345 N.Y.Supp.2d 118; Bussey v. Bussey (1931), 148 Okl. 10, 296 P. 401; Venable v. Venable (1979), 273 S.C. 96, 254 S.E.2d 309; Slade v. Dennis (Utah 1979), 594 P.2d 898; Block v. Block (1961), 15 Wis.2d 291, 112 N.W.2d 923. Extraordinary circumstances would include, for example, the unfitness of the noncustodial parent, see Foster, supra, 40 Ohio App.2d at 272, 319 N.E.2d 395, or a showing that visitation with the noncustodial parent would cause harm to the children, see Smith v. Smith (1980), 70 Ohio App.2d 87, 434 N.E.2d 749 ; see, generally, Annotation (1963), 88 A.L.R.2d 148. The burden of proof is on the party contesting visitation privileges, and absent a showing of extraordinary circumstances, the trial court may fashion any just and reasonable visitation schedule. See R.C. 3109.05(B). In this regard, the California Court of Appeals for the Second District stated that:

"Because of the importance of the parent-child relationship and the likely benefits to the child as it grows up from reasonable (and, where necessary, supervised or restricted) visits with the parent who does not have custody, the courts should not deprive such a parent of all visitation privileges absent a clear showing that any contact with such parent would be detrimental to the child. It would follow that any diminution of visitation privileges * * * should be no greater than necessary to serve the best interests of the child. Where it is possible to serve such interests by an order providing for less than full deprivation of visitation privileges, the court should make such an order and no more." Devine, supra, 213 Cal.App.2d at 553, 29 Cal.Rptr. 132.

Some courts have held that if a child is actually unwilling to see the noncustodial parent and no useful purpose would be served by forcing visitation, visitation privileges may be denied. See, e.g., Lieblich v. Lieblich (1957), 18 Misc.2d 798, 164 N.Y.Supp.2d 179. However, if the child's unwillingness to visit the noncustodial parent is the result of influence by the custodial parent, a mere parroting of the custodial parent's wishes, or a result of lack of knowledge or understanding due to the child's age or not having known the noncustodial parent, the child's wishes and fears will be strongly discounted. See, e.g., Radford, supra. Until a child can affirmatively and independently decide not to have any visitation with the noncustodial parent, the relationship between a child and the noncustodial parent should not be totally severed. See Smith, supra. Moreover, aside from the fact that a parent has inherent rights to sustain a relationship with his children, the death of the custodial parent may require the surviving noncustodial parent to perform parental obligations. See, e.g., Commonwealth, ex rel. Timmons, v. Timmons (1947), 161 Pa.Super. 174, 54 A.2d 75. If all ties were severed between the noncustodial parent and the child, the adjustment at the time of such custody change would be even more difficult for the child. See Annotation (1963), 88 A.L.R.2d 148, 166.

We do not believe that appellee met her burden of proof in this case. The evidence does not establish that appellant is unfit or that visitation with appellant would harm Michael and Rodney. In fact, the record is void of any such allegations. An affirmative showing must be made by clear and convincing evidence before the parent-child relationship may be forever terminated.

The record does...