Pitts v. State

• Decision Date: 28 February 1996
• Docket Number: No. 0658-95,0658-95
• Parties: Charles William PITTS, Appellant v. The STATE of Texas, Appellee.
• Court: Texas Court of Criminal Appeals

Page 507

916 S.W.2d 507

Charles William PITTS, Appellant v. The STATE of Texas, Appellee.

No. 0658-95.

Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas En Banc.

Feb. 28, 1996.

John G. Tatum, Dallas, for appellant.

Sue Korioth, Asst. Dist. Atty., Dallas and Robert A. Huttash, State's Atty., Austin, for the State.

Before the Court en banc.

OPINION ON STATE'S PETITION FOR DISCRETIONARY REVIEW

MEYERS, Judge.

Appellant pled guilty before the trial court to possession of a controlled substance, and his punishment was assessed at confinement for thirty-five years. The Court of Appeals reversed the conviction, holding there was no evidence in the record to support Appellant's plea of guilty as required by Article 1.15, V.A.C.C.P. ¹ Pitts v. State, 896 S.W.2d 802 (Tex.App.--Dallas 1994). We granted the State's petition to address the correctness of that holding.

During the plea proceedings, counsel for Appellant announced that Appellant agreed the trial court could receive his signed written judicial confession. The prosecutor responded, "the State offers as State's Exhibit # 1, the defendant's signed written judicial confession and stipulation of evidence and No. 2, a factual summary, as contained in the Court's file." Appellant's counsel stated he had no objection and the trial court admitted both documents.

When Appellant designated the record for purposes of appeal, he requested that all proceedings be transcribed and included in the statement of facts; however, the court reporter initially filed only the statement of facts from the punishment hearing. This volume contains an exhibit index, with the certification: "No exhibits offered in these proceedings by either side." When the statement of facts was filed in the Court of Appeals and the State discovered the plea proceedings had not been transcribed, it requested that the appellate record be supplemented with that portion of the proceedings. The Court of Appeals granted the State's motion, and the volume containing the proceedings from Appellant's plea of guilty was filed. This volume does not include an exhibit index or any exhibits.

The transcript, however, contains a document entitled "Waiver of Jury Felony Plea of Guilty/Nolo Contendere/Indictment/Information." It bears a file mark and the signatures of Appellant, trial counsel, the prosecutor, and the trial court. Within the body of this document is a section entitled, "Defendant's Waivers and Judicial Confession." It states in part:

I admit and judicially confess that I am the person named in the charging instrument and that I understand the charge contained therein and I am guilty of the offense of possession of cocaine in an amount of less than 28 grams exactly as alleged in the indictment including any amendments or modifications thereto and I confess that I did unlawfully commit the said offense in Dallas County, Texas on the 2 [sic] day of November, 1992.

This portion of the document further states, "I agree that the Court may consider my judicial confession as evidence in this case." This section is signed by Appellant. Immediately above the trial court's signature is the recitation, "The Court therefore finds such plea, and all waivers, agreements, and consents contained herein to be freely and voluntarily made and accepts the plea and approves the consent to stipulate testimony."

The Court of Appeals held there was no evidence in the record to support Appellant's plea of guilty. Pitts, 896 S.W.2d at 807. It noted that no judicial confession was contained in the statement of facts. While it acknowledged that the transcript contained the document set out above, it refused to consider it, as there was no showing it was State's Exhibit # 1. Ibid. It concluded that because the statement of facts did not contain a valid judicial confession or any other evidence of guilt, the requirement of Art. 1.15 that the State "introduce evidence into the record showing the guilt of the defendant" had not been satisfied. Id. at 806-07.

In its second ground for review, the State submits that by refusing to consider the judicial confession in the transcript as "evidence in the record" to support Appellant's guilty plea, the Court of Appeals implicitly held that the transcript is not a part of the appellate record. ² The State is correct that the transcript is a mandatory part of the appellate record. Tex.R.App.Pro. 50(a). The judicial confession in the transcript is therefore in the appellate record and, to the extent the Court of Appeals held there was no judicial confession in the record, it was incorrect. The broader issue before this Court is whether a judicial confession contained in the transcript, but not found in the statement of facts, may be considered as evidence to support a plea of guilty under Art. 1.15.

The State argues the Court of Appeals' opinion conflicts with Rexford v. State, 818 S.W.2d 494 (Tex.App.--Houston [1st Dist.] ), pet. ref'd, 823 S.W.2d 296 (Tex.Cr.App.1991). In that case, the judicial confession was never offered or admitted into evidence; however, it was signed by all parties, including the trial judge, and was filed. It stated that the allegations in the indictment were true and that the trial judge approved the document. The Court of Appeals held that because the judicial confession had been filed with and approved by the trial court, it would support the judgment. Rexford, 818 S.W.2d at 495-96. In reaching this conclusion, the Court of Appeals relied on authority from this Court holding that when the parties treat a piece of evidence as having been admitted, the appellate courts will treat it as such despite the lack of formal admission into evidence.

Among the cases the Rexford court relied upon was Killion v. State, 503 S.W.2d 765 (Tex.Cr.App.1973), in which the defendant pled guilty and entered into a written...