Pollack v. CIR

• Decision Date: 09 April 1968
• Docket Number: No. 24800.,24800.
• Citation: 392 F.2d 409
• Parties: Samuel POLLACK and Annie Pollack et al., Petitioners, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Fifth Circuit

392 F.2d 409 (1968)

Samuel POLLACK and Annie Pollack et al., Petitioners, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent.

No. 24800.

United States Court of Appeals Fifth Circuit.

April 9, 1968.

Arthur J. England, Jr., Miami, Fla., for petitioners.

Lester R. Uretz, Chief Counsel, IRS, Christopher J. Ray, Atty., IRS, Mitchell Rogovin, Asst. Atty. Gen., Lee A. Jackson, Harry Baum, Albert J. Beveridge, III, Attys., Dept. of Justice, Washington, D. C., for respondent.

Before BROWN, Chief Judge, CLAYTON, Circuit Judge, and McRAE, District Judge.

WILLIAM A. McRAE, Jr., District Judge:

This case involves petitions for review of the decisions of the Tax Court involving claims of income tax deficiencies for the years 1958 and 1959 in the aggregate amount of $56,719, together with interest.

Jurisdiction is conferred upon this Court by section 7482 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, 26 U.S.C. § 7482.

The decisions of the Tax Court were entered on December 23, 1966, and the taxpayers filed petitions for review on March 22, 1967. On their individual tax returns for the years in question taxpayers claimed deductions for their pro rata share of the net operating losses sustained by Shelborne Enterprises, Inc., a Florida corporation, (Shelborne) during the years for which the corporation had elected under subchapter S of the Internal Revenue Code not to be taxed at the corporate level. The Commissioner disallowed the claimed deductions and the Tax Court sustained the disallowance on the ground that Shelborne failed to qualify as a "small business corporation" under section 1371 of the Code for the reason that it had issued more than "one class of stock" within the meaning of subsection 1371 (a) (4), 26 U.S.C. § 1371(a) (4).¹

The sole issue on this appeal is whether Shelborne had more than one class of stock within the meaning of subchapter S of the Code. This issue in turn hinges on whether the Tax Court correctly held that a corporation whose stock is divided into four classes having an unequal number of shares, with each class entitled to elect one director, has "more than one class of stock" within the meaning of section 1371(a) (4) of the Code and therefore does not meet the qualification of that subsection. We hold that the Commissioner and the Tax Court were correct and we therefore affirm.

The facts of the case are not in dispute. Shelborne had four classes of stock designated as A, B, C and D. Classes A and B were composed of 33 1/3 shares, while classes C and D were each composed of 16 2/3 shares. Each class was empowered to elect one director. The basis of the ruling of the Tax Court was that inasmuch as each class could elect one director there were disproportionate voting rights since it took twice as many shares in classes A and B to elect a director as it took in classes C and D.

The Tax Court reached its decision that classes A, B, C and D constituted more than one class of stock by placing reliance on Treas.Reg. § 1.1371-1 (1959) which provides in part as follows:

Sec. 1.1371-1 Definition of small business corporation.

* * * * * *

(g) Classes of stock. * * * If the outstanding shares of stock of the corporation are not identical with respect to the rights and interest which they convey in the control, profits, and assets of the corporation, then the corporation is considered to have more than one class of stock. Thus, a difference as to voting rights, dividend rights, or liquidation preferences of outstanding stock will disqualify a corporation. However, if two or more groups of shares are identical in every respect except that each group has the right to elect members of the board of directors in a number proportionate to the number of shares in each group, they are considered one class of stock. * * * Emphasis added.

The voting rights being disproportionate in the present case, the conclusion was properly reached that more than one class of stock had been created.

The taxpayers urge that subchapter S of the Code was enacted on September 2, 1958; that Shelborne made the required election to come under the subchapter on December 1, 1958; and that the Treasury Department did not promulgate Treas.Reg. § 1.1371-1(g) until December 18, 1959.

From this sequence of events, the taxpayers apparently argue that Treas.Reg. § 1.1371-1(g) would have to be given retroactive effect if it is applied to the present case, and that such application would be improper or an abuse of discretion. We disagree. 26 U.S.C. § 7805² gives ample authority to the Commissioner to issue a regulation with retroactive effect.

In an effort to avoid the plain language of the statute, its history and the applicable Treasury Regulations, the taxpayers rely upon a "Technical Information Release" issued prior to promulgation of the Regulations, which taxpayers assert was in conflict with the Regulations. Even assuming arguendo that the Regulations are inconsistent with the prior "release,"...