Portland Water Dist. v. Town of Standish

• Decision Date: 31 January 2008
• Citation: 2008 ME 23,940 A.2d 1097
• Parties: PORTLAND WATER DISTRICT v. TOWN OF STANDISH.
• Court: Maine Supreme Court

940 A.2d 1097

2008 ME 23

PORTLAND WATER DISTRICT v. TOWN OF STANDISH.

Supreme Judicial Court of Maine.

Argued: November 6, 2007.

Decided: January 31, 2008.

Kenneth M. Cole, III, Esq. (orally), Jensen Baird Gardner & Henry, Portland, ME, for Town of Standish.

William S. Harwood, Esq. (orally), Seth Brewster, Esq., Verrill Dana LLP, Portland, ME, for Portland Water District.

Panel: SAUFLEY, C.J., and CLIFFORD, ALEXANDER, LEVY, SILVER, MEAD, and GORMAN, JJ.

CLIFFORD, J.

[¶ 1] The Town of Standish appeals from the judgment of the Superior Court (Cumberland County, Humphrey, C.J.) vacating the Standish Town Council's decision to accept the dedication of a public easement over a portion of the Northeast Road Extension leading to Sebago Lake. Pursuant to M.R. Civ. P. 80B, Portland Water District had filed a petition for review of the Town's decision. The Town contends that the court erred when it concluded that the Town Council's decision to accept the public easement was precluded by the doctrine of res judicata. We affirm the judgment.

I. BACKGROUND

[¶ 2] The Northeast Road Extension (Northeast Road) is a public way running between Route 35 and Sebago Lake in Standish. Northeast Road was originally established as an eight-rod-wide public way in 1767.¹ Portland Water Dist. v. Town of Standish (Portland Water District I), 2006 ME 104, ¶ 6, 905 A.2d 829, 831. In 1933, it was redefined and accepted by the Town as a six-rod-wide county highway. Id. In 1935, the Portland Water District (the Water District) obtained title to the land adjacent to and on both sides of Northeast Road (the Adjacent Property). Id. ¶¶ 2, 7, 905 A.2d at 830-31. Since 1935, "members of the public have used the Northeast Road Extension for access to Sebago Lake and the Town has maintained a boat ramp and some parking in the area without the permission of the Water District." Id. ¶ 7, 905 A.2d at 831.

[¶ 3] In 2004, the Water District filed a complaint against the Town in the Superior Court seeking a declaratory judgment that the Town did not have a prescriptive easement over the Adjacent Property. In 2005, the Superior Court granted the Water District's motion for summary judgment, concluding that "[t]he public has not acquired, and does not have, any prescriptive rights to cross or use the [Adjacent Property]." We affirmed the 2005 Superior Court decision in August of 2006. Id. 125, 905 A.2d at 836. We determined that the Town was legally barred by the doctrine of nullum tempos from asserting a public prescriptive easement over government property, including District property. Id. ¶¶ 1, 24, 905 A.2d at 830, 836.

[¶ 4] While the appeal in. Portland Water District I was pending, on March 14, 2006, the Standish Town Council voted to "accept [] the dedication of a public easement" over the two one-rod strips abutting each side of Northeast Road pursuant to 23 M.R.S. § 3025 (2007). The Water District then filed the current action in the Superior Court pursuant to M.R. Civ. P. 80B, appealing the Town's March 2006 decision to accept dedication of the easement, on the grounds that that action was barred by res judicata or collateral estoppel. Following a hearing, the Superior Court vacated the Town's decision.² This appeal by the Town followed.

II. DISCUSSION

[¶ 5] The crux of this appeal concerns whether our decision in Portland Water District I, and the underlying proceedings in that case, included an adjudication as to the two one-rod strips of property on either side of Northeast Road that were part of the establishment of the eight-rod road in 1767, but which were not included in the Town's acceptance of the six-rod road in 1933.

[¶ 6] In its decision that led to the present appeal, the Superior Court concluded that Portland Water District I dealt with all of the property adjacent to the six-rod Northeast Road, including the two one-rod strips on either side of the road, and therefore that the Town was precluded by res judicata from taking further action as to those two strips by accepting a public easement across them. The Town contends that the property at issue in Portland Water District I did not include the two one-rod strips, that the adjudication of Portland Water District I did not involve a determination as to the Town's authority to accept a dedication of the two one-rod strips, and that the Town did not, and could not have litigated its authority to do so in Portland Water District I.

[¶ 7] The doctrine of res judicata prevents the relitigation of matters already decided: "The law is plain that [parties] cannot again come forward in the same legal mission against the same parties to secure a remedy ... previously denied." Harriman v. Border Trust Co., 2004 ME 28, ¶ 5, 842 A.2d 1266, 1267 (quotation marks omitted); see also Macomber v. MacQuinn-Tweedie, 2003 ME 121, ¶ 22, 834 A.2d 131, 138-39. It consists of two components: issue preclusion and claim preclusion. Macomber, 2003 ME 121, ¶ 22, 834 A.2d at 138. A court's conclusion that either issue preclusion or claim preclusion bars a particular litigation is an issue of law reviewed de novo. Norton v. Town of Long Island, 2005 ME 109, ¶ 16, 883 A.2d 889, 895.

[¶ 8] "Claim preclusion prevents relitigation if: (1) the same parties or their privies are involved in both actions; (2) a valid final judgment was entered in the prior action; and (3) the matters presented for decision in the second action were, or might have been litigated in the first action." Macomber, 2003 ME 121, ¶ 22, 834 A.2d at 139 (quotation marks omitted). To determine whether a claim is barred, we apply a transactional test, "examining the aggregate of connected operative facts that can be handled together conveniently for purposes of trial to determine if they were founded upon the same transaction, arose out of the same nucleus of operative facts, and sought redress for essentially the same basic wrong." Nor ton, 2005 ME 109, ¶ 18, 883 A.2d at 895 (quotation marks omitted). Such a claim is precluded even if the second action "relies on a legal theory not advanced in the first case, seeks different relief than that sought in the first case, or involves evidence different from the evidence relevant to the first case." Id. (quotation marks omitted). Because, in the present matter, the two actions at issue involve different claims—the first an appeal from the entry of a declaratory judgment, and the second an administrative appeal of a municipal decision pursuant to M.R. Civ. P. 80B— claim preclusion is not the appropriate analysis.

[¶ 9] Issue preclusion, or collateral estoppel, "prevents the relitigation of factual issues already decided if the identical issue was determined by a prior final judgment, and the party estopped had a fair opportunity and incentive to litigate the issue in a prior proceeding." Macomber, 2003 ME 121, ¶ 22, 834 A.2d at 138-39 (quotation marks and alteration omitted). Whereas claim preclusion is focused on the claims set forth in the prior proceeding, collateral estoppel concerns factual issues, and applies even when the two proceedings offer different types of remedies. Id. ¶ 22, 834 A.2d at 139. Collateral estoppel can be applied to administrative proceedings as well as to court proceedings. Id.

[¶ 10] There is no dispute that Portland Water District I resulted in a valid final judgment. We must therefore determine whether the issue of the Town's authority to accept an easement in the two one-rod strips was considered in Portland Water District I, and whether the Town had both the opportunity and incentive to litigate the issue.

A. Identical Issue

[¶ 11] The Town contends that the subject of the current action is entirely different from the subject of Portland Water District I, and that the, property in dispute in Portland Water District I did not include the two one-rod strips. The Superior Court's judgment in Portland Water District I described the property at issue as "adjacent to and on both sides of Northeast Road Extension." The term "adjacent" is commonly defined as "[n]ext to" or "adjoining." THE AMERICAN HERITAGE DICTIONARY 79 (2nd ed.1982). By this definition, the property adjacent to Northeast Road refers to the property actually bordering it, and thus would include the two one-rod strips lying immediately on either side of the now six-rod-wide road. Further, the judgment expressly refers to the "two-rod-wide strip lying adjacent to the Northeast Road." The Adjacent Property about which Portland Water District I was litigated did include the two one-rod strips at issue in the instant matter.³

B. Opportunity and Incentive to Litigate

[¶ 12] As to the issue of the Town's litigation of its authority to accept a public easement over the two strips, the Town not only could have raised and argued that issue in Portland Water District I, but in fact did. More specifically, the record from Portland Water District I contains the following references to the Town's authority to accept the two one-rod strips lying immediately adjacent to Northeast Road: the Superior Court's order on the Town's motion to dismiss the Water District's initial complaint framed one issue before it as "whether, because the Town accepted only 6 rods of the 8 rod road, the remaining two rods may still be accepted"; the Town's memorandum of law in opposition to the Water District's motion for summary judgment noted that the Adjacent Property discussed by the Water District was not fully described, and went on to expressly argue that the...