Potts v. State
| Decision Date | 09 March 1983 |
| Docket Number | No. 82-1307,82-1307 |
| Citation | 427 So.2d 822 |
| Parties | Frank T. POTTS, Appellant, v. STATE of Florida, Appellee. |
| Court | Florida District Court of Appeals |
Ernest M. Jones, Jr., of Jacobs, Valentine, Groseclose & McCarthy, P.A., Lakeland, for appellant.
Jim Smith, Atty. Gen., Tallahassee, and Theda James Davis, Asst. Atty. Gen., Tampa, for appellee.
The state charged Frank T. Potts with sexual battery of a girl 11 years of age or younger. The jury found him guilty of the lesser offense of making a lewd and lascivious assault on the victim. Potts now urges that the state's introduction at his trial of evidence of his prior sexual abuses against other young girls was error. We reject his contention.
Prior to trial the state notified Potts that it intended to use "Williams Rule" testimony, i.e., evidence of similar sexual incidents involving the victim's sister and the defendant's two younger sisters. § 90.404(2)(b)1, Fla.Stat. (1981); Williams v. State, 110 So.2d 654 (Fla.), cert. denied, 361 U.S. 847, 80 S.Ct. 102, 4 L.Ed.2d 86 (1959). The court denied defendant's motion in limine, objections at trial, and his motion for mistrial, all of which were directed against the use of such evidence. The court granted defendant's motion for a judgment of acquittal as to the charge of sexual battery but allowed the case to go to the jury on the lesser offense of making a lewd and lascivious assault on a child. § 800.04, Fla.Stat. (1981).
After the jury found Potts guilty of the lesser offense, the court adjudged him guilty, denied his motion for new trial, and sentenced him to 15-years imprisonment. The court recommended that Potts be treated as a mentally disordered sex offender. This appeal ensued.
The 11-year-old victim's older sister, Brenda, resided with the defendant in a mobile home. Brenda invited the victim to their home to play with the defendant's young daughter. On the night in question, the victim slept on a couch with defendant's daughter. She testified that the defendant awakened her around 10:30 p.m. saying that he wanted to make love to her and warning her that he would kill her family if she resisted or said anything. She said the defendant then inserted his fingers into her vagina and fondled her chest for about an hour.
The state then called three "Williams Rule" witnesses who, over defendant's objections, testified as to similar conduct by the defendant in prior instances. Before the witnesses began to testify, the trial judge instructed the jury on the limited purpose for which the evidence was to be received and considered. § 90.404(2)(b)2, Fla.Stat. (1981). The jury was admonished that the evidence could be considered only as it related to the issues of intent, plan, or the absence of mistake or accident on the part of the defendant.
One of the victim's sisters, who was a couple of years older, stated that defendant had fondled her and performed oral sex upon her when she was 12. This occurred while she was spending the previous summer with the defendant and Brenda in Alabama. She said the defendant threatened her with bodily harm if she told anyone of the incident.
Two of the defendant's sisters also testified. Potts' younger sister stated that he had performed oral sex upon her and had inserted his finger into her vagina against her will and threatened to kill her if she told anyone. This happened some 12 years earlier when she was 11. She added that when she was 15, the defendant tried to penetrate her. Both incidents occurred while she and the defendant lived at home. The other sister stated that the defendant made sexual advances toward her some 18 years earlier when she was 9 and he was 21. She testified that Potts put his hand in her vaginal area and tried to penetrate her with his penis, and that she was afraid of the defendant who told her not to tell anyone.
The sole issue the defendant raises on this appeal is whether the trial court erred in admitting this "Williams Rule" evidence over his objections.
A discussion of the admissibility of "similar fact" evidence properly begins with the principle that similar fact evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts is admissible when relevant to prove a material fact in issue, such as proof of motive, opportunity, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, or absence of mistake or accident, but it is inadmissible when the evidence is relevant solely to prove bad character or propensity. § 90.404(2)(a), Fla.Stat. (1981); Williams v. State. Thus, relevancy is the test and, under limited circumstances, evidence of other crimes or similar conduct is admissible in a criminal prosecution.
To meaningfully evaluate whether similar fact evidence is admissible, it is necessary to view the problem in context. Courts have generally found cogent reasons for introducing such evidence for limited purposes in cases involving sexual abuse of children. Shortly after Williams, the Third District in Ross v. State, 112 So.2d 69 (Fla. 3d DCA 1959), reviewed an appeal by a defendant who was prosecuted for assault in a lewd and lascivious manner on a girl under age 14. The trial court had admitted evidence that the defendant had fondled another girl under 14 in a lewd and lascivious manner. The Third District held this was relevant to show the character of the defendant's deed and his motive, intent, and the absence of mistake.
In the ensuing years our sister courts have considered the relevancy of this type of evidence and upheld its admissibility. See Andrews v. State, 172 So.2d 505 (Fla. 1st DCA 1965), approving testimony of a subsequent sexual imposition against a person the same age as the victim, at the same place, and under almost identical circumstances to those of the offense charged. There, the First District held this similar fact evidence was clearly relevant in its bearing on the defendant's identity, intent, plan and design, as well as to show lack of inadvertance. See also Pendleton v. State, 348 So.2d 1206 (Fla. 4th DCA 1977), where the Fourth District upheld admissibility of similar fact testimony of two witnesses, noting that their testimony tended to corroborate that given by the victim.
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