Powers v. Durgin-Snow Pub. Co., DURGIN-SNOW

• Decision Date: 07 August 1958
• Docket Number: DURGIN-SNOW
• Citation: 154 Me. 108,77 A.L.R.2d 607,144 A.2d 294
• Parties: , 77 A.L.R.2d 607 George POWERS v.PUBLISHING CO., Inc. George POWERS v. Clifford N. OLESEN.
• Court: Maine Supreme Court

Page 294

144 A.2d 294

154 Me. 108, 77 A.L.R.2d 607

George POWERS v. DURGIN-SNOW PUBLISHING CO., Inc.

George POWERS v. Clifford N. OLESEN.

Supreme Judicial Court of Maine.

Aug. 7, 1958.

Jacobson & Jacobson, Portland, for plaintiff.

Arthur A. Peabody, Portland, for defendants.

Before WILLIAMSON, C. J., and WEBBER, TAPLEY, SULLIVAN, DUBORD, and SIDDALL, JJ.

WILLIAMSON, Chief Justice.

These two actions of libel arise from the publication of an article written by defendant Olesen in the weekly newspaper owned and published by defendant Durgin-Snow Publishing Co., Inc. The cases are before us on exceptions in each instance to the overruling of defendant's demurrer and present identical issues. For convenience we will refer only to the case against the publisher.

The declaration reads in part:

'* * * the defendant * * * with intent to injure, degrade and disgrace the Plaintiff and bring him into hatred, contempt, ridicule and distrust and to deprive him of the benefit of public confidence, and subject him to the scoffs and sneers of society, did maliciously, willfully, recklessly and falsely write, compose, print, publish, circulate and sell in said Westbrook American the following false, scandalous and defamatory article appearing on Page Six (6) thereof under the heading: 'Milling Around' by Sunny Olesen:

'George Powers, Coating Department, is a fellow who believes in looking ahead. He's also a classic example of typical Yankee thrift. Take his idea on caskets now--George says, "Why spend a lot of money for a casket when, for $15 or $20 you can build one, yourself. After all, your family can always use the money you've saved in that one item, alone."

'Suiting the action to the word, George is now busily sawing and hammering away on his own tailored-to-fit coffin. And, as a sort of package deal, he's making plans to dig the space for it next.

'From all outward appearances, this thrifty, if slightly ghoulish gent can take his time on his project, because. * * *

'He turned (approximately) 35 on his last birthday.' (Innuendoes omitted)

'And the Plaintiff avers that by writing, printing, publishing, circulating and selling the papers containing the above false, malicious, defamatory and scandalous article as aforesaid, the defendant has greatly injured the Plaintiff in his good name and reputation, has deprived him of public confidence, and exposed him and his family to public hatred, contempt and ridicule, and the Plaintiff has suffered great pain and distress of body and mind, has been shunned by many of his former acquaintances, and in his general reputation has been otherwise greatly injured and prejudiced, * * *.'

The first ground or reason for the exception stated below is without merit.

'1. The declaration on its face shows the article to be part of a column entitled 'Milling Around'. The declaration on its face indicates that said column is not a standard news item. Therefore the defendant claims that the declaration should set forth the entire column in order that the court can determine the nature of the words alleged to be libellous in their relation to the whole column.'

It is well established law 'that the article must be read as a whole, taking into account its wording, the nature and use of headlines, and any other methods employed to give special emphasis in order to determine its natural and probable impact upon the minds of newspaper readers.' Cross v. Guy Gannett Pub. Co., 151 Me. 491, 494, 121 A.2d 355, 357; Thompson v. Lewiston Daily Sun Pub. Co., 91 Me. 203, 39 A. 556; Macurda v. Lewiston Journal Co., 109 Me. 53, 57, 82 A. 438; Bearce v. Bass, 88 Me. 521, 544, 34 A. 411; Tillson v. Robbins, 68 Me. 295.

The declaration meets the test and is not demurrable. On its face indeed the article in question is stated at length. No loose ends are apparent which make it difficult to understand the precise nature of plaintiff's complaint. The defendant should have raised the issue not by demurrer but by a motion for specifications or further particulars. The Court below would then have determined whether or not there was need to include the entire column for an intelligent understanding of the pleadings. Illustrative cases are: Niehoff v. Sahagian, 149 Me. 396, 103 A.2d 211; Sinclair v. Gannett, 148 Me. 229, 91 A.2d 551; Brown v. Rouillard, 117 Me. 55, 102 A. 701. See also 53 C.J.S. Libel and Slander § 184; 33 Am.Jur., Libel and Slander, § 251.

The rules governing the remaining issues on the demurrer are stated in Brown v. Guy Gannett Publishing Co., 147 Me. 3, 4, 82 A.2d 797, 798:

'By its demurrer the defendant has admitted the truth of each and every one of the foregoing allegations.

* * *

* * *

'It is not necessary in order for printed words to be libelous that they naturally tend to expose the plaintiff to public hatred and contempt and ridicule, and deprive him of the benefit of public confidence and social intercourse. It is sufficient if they naturally tend to bring about any one of the foregoing consequences. The governing principle of law is stated in the alternative or disjunctive, not in the conjunctive.'

In our view the article naturally tended to expose the plaintiff to laughter tinged with contempt, or in other words to ridicule. 'Ridicule' has been defined as follows: 'The act or practice of exciting laughter at a person or thing by means of jesting words, caricature, mocking, etc.; remarks, etc. intended to show one in an amusing or absurd light; slightly contemptuous banter; as, an object of ridicule; to suffer from ridicule; cutting ridicule.' Webster's New International Dictionary, 2d Ed., Unabridged.

The reader is given the impression that the plaintiff is at best an odd or unusual character acting in a manner far removed from the...