O'Pry v. State
Decision Date | 20 May 1981 |
Docket Number | No. 66144,66144 |
Citation | 642 S.W.2d 748 |
Parties | Jermiah B. O'PRY, Appellant, v. The STATE of Texas, Appellee. |
Court | Texas Court of Criminal Appeals |
Reed Jackson, Fairfield, for appellant.
Robert W. Gage, County Atty., Fairfield, Robert Huttash, State's Atty. and Alfred Walker, Asst. State's Atty., Austin, for the State.
Before the Court en banc.
This is an appeal from a conviction for capital murder. The punishment is death.
The appellant contends that certain prospective jurors were improperly excused in light of the recent United States Supreme Court holding in Adams v. Texas, --- U.S. ----, 100 S.Ct. 2521, 65 L.Ed.2d 581 (1980). We agree and reverse.
In Witherspoon v. Illinois, 391 U.S. 510, 88 S.Ct. 1770, 20 L.Ed.2d 776 (1968), the United States Supreme Court said:
"Specifically, we hold that a sentence of death cannot be carried out if the jury that imposed or recommended it was chosen by excluding veniremen for cause simply because they voiced general objections to the death penalty or expressed conscientious or religious scruples against its infliction."
Included in the statutory scheme in the New Penal Code of 1974 for imposition of the death penalty in Texas is the requirement that each juror take an oath that the mandatory penalty of death or imprisonment for life will not affect his deliberations on any issue of fact. V.T.C.A. Penal Code, Sec. 12.31(b). The holding in Witherspoon was repeatedly found to be "alive and well" in light of this scheme. See, e.g., Brock v. State, 556 S.W.2d 309 (Tex.Cr.App.1977), cert. denied 434 U.S. 1002, 98 S.Ct. 647, 54 L.Ed.2d 498 (1977). Prior to Adams v. Texas, supra, this Court consistently held that under this statutory scheme a juror could be excluded under Sec. 12.31(b), supra, independent of a determination that his exclusion was consistent with Witherspoon. See, e.g., Moore v. State, 542 S.W.2d 664 (Tex.Cr.App.1976), cert. denied 431 U.S. 949, 98 S.Ct. 2666, 53 L.Ed.2d 266 (1977); Hovila v. State, 532 S.W.2d 293 (Tex.Cr.App.1975); Bodde v. State, 568 S.W.2d 344 (Tex.Cr.App.1978), cert. denied 440 U.S. 968, 99 S.Ct. 1520, 59 L.Ed.2d 784 (1979).
However, in Adams v. Texas, supra, the Supreme Court held that under the United States Constitution the State may not exclude a prospective juror under Sec. 12.31(b), supra, on grounds which exceed the limitations set out in Witherspoon:
--- U.S. at ----, 100 S.Ct. at 2528, 65 L.Ed.2d at 592. The Supreme Court concluded that the jurors in Adams had been excused under Sec. 12.31(b), supra, in violation of the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, stating:
--- U.S. at ----, 100 S.Ct. 2529, 65 L.Ed.2d at 593.
The same error which the United States Supreme Court found in Adams also appears in this case. The State moved to exclude venireman Earnest Aldridge because he could not state that his deliberations would remain unaffected by the mandatory penalty of death or imprisonment for life. The relevant portions of his voir dire examination are set out below.
On further questioning, the venireman indicated that he felt the mandatory punishment of death or life imprisonment would affect his deliberations. The State's challenge for cause on this basis was sustained over appellant's objection that the venireman was not disqualified under Witherspoon.
As in Adams, the prospective juror in this case was excluded under Sec. 12.31(b), supra, although his voir dire responses do not indicate that he was irrevocably opposed to capital punishment; this exclusion was therefore improper. As the State concedes, an examination of the record reveals that veniremen James Smith, Wayne Cannon, and Zella Bunch were also improperly excused for cause under Sec. 12.31(b), over appellant's objection, on broader grounds than those permissible under Witherspoon. The death penalty may not be imposed if even one prospective juror has been excluded in violation of Witherspoon. Davis v. Georgia, 429 U.S. 122, 97 S.Ct. 399, 50 L.Ed.2d 339 (1976).
The State in this case recognizes that the judgment imposing the death penalty cannot be affirmed in view of the Supreme Court's opinion in Adams v. Texas, supra, and moved the Court in oral argument to affirm the judgment of guilt but to reform the judgment to provide for the only other possible punishment, that is imprisonment for life. The author of this opinion, Judge Roberts, and Judge McCormick would grant the State's motion. However, a majority of the Court would not. See Pierson v. State, 614 S.W.2d 102 (Tex.Cr.App.1980) ( ); Evans v. State, 614 S.W.2d 414 (Tex.Cr.App.1980) (Roberts, J. dissent) ( ); Loudres v. State, 614 S.W.2d 407 (Tex.Cr.App.1980) (Roberts, J. dissent) ( ); Grijalva v. State, 614 S.W.2d 420 (Tex.Cr.App.1980) (Roberts, J. dissent) ( ).
Accordingly, in light of Adams v. Texas, supra, the judgment is reversed. The decision does not prevent the State from again seeking the death penalty on retrial.
The judgment is reversed and the cause remanded.
Before the Court en banc.
OPINION ON STATE'S AND APPELLANT'S MOTIONS FOR REHEARING
Appellant was indicted for capital murder. The evidence was circumstantial, but the verdict was guilty and the punishment, death.
On original submission, we reversed the conviction because several prospective jurors were excluded in violation of Adams v. Texas, 448 U.S. 38, 100 S.Ct. 2521, 65 L.Ed.2d 581 (1980). Declining the State's motion that the court reform the judgment to provide a punishment of life imprisonment, we remanded the cause.
Subsequently, however, on June 1, 1981, the Governor commuted appellant's sentence from death to life imprisonment. In a timely motion for rehearing, the State requested that we again consider reformation of the judgment in light of the Governor's action. Appellant also filed a motion for rehearing, arguing that our original opinion was not "mooted" by the Governor's commutation, which he did not seek, and to which he was opposed. In the alternative, appellant asked that we review his remaining grounds of error, particularly the sufficiency of the evidence.
We observe first that our decisions in Turner v. State, 485 S.W.2d 282 (Tex.Cr.App.1972), and Harris v. State, 485 S.W.2d 284 (Tex.Cr.App.1972), dispose of appellant's claim that we are without authority to reform the judgment. In each of those cases, we originally affirmed the trial...
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