Railway Exp. Agency, Inc. v. Garland

• Citation: 269 So.2d 708
• Decision Date: 28 November 1972
• Docket Number: No. Q-129,Q-129
• Parties: RAILWAY EXPRESS AGENCY, INC., a corporation, Appellant, v. Betty Jo GARLAND, widow of Lige Garland, Deceased, Appellee.
• Court: Court of Appeal of Florida (US)

Page 708

269 So.2d 708

RAILWAY EXPRESS AGENCY, INC., a corporation, Appellant, v. Betty Jo GARLAND, widow of Lige Garland, Deceased, Appellee.

No. Q-129.

District Court of Appeal of Florida, First District.

Nov. 28, 1972.

Rehearing Denied Dec. 21, 1972.

John E. Houser, Jacksonville, for appellant.

Dawson, Galant, Maddox, Boyer, Sulik & Nichols, Lloyd C. Leemis of Boyd, Jenerette, Leemis & Staas, Jacksonville, for appellee.

SPECTOR, Chief Judge.

Appellant seeks reversal of a final judgment awarding appellee $100,000.00 for the wrongful death of her husband.

Appellee's husband was killed when a truck he was driving struck a City of Fernandina Beach bus which had stopped in the center lane of an expressway to pick up a box dropped from a truck. The Fernandina Beach bus swerved to the left to avoid hitting the box, returned to the center lane and slowed to a stop. Witnesses testified that appellee's decedent did not apply his brakes until a few seconds before colliding with the back of the bus. At the time of impact, the deceased was also attempting to turn to the left.

Witnesses also identified the truck from which the box dropped as a stake-bodied truck belonging to appellant, Railway Express Agency, Inc. (REA). The operations manager for REA testified that REA had no stake-bodied trucks in the Jacksonville area, only walk-through type vans.

By appellant's first point on appeal, REA asserts that there was insufficient evidence to attribute the falling box to its truck. We do not agree.

The identification of appellant's truck was clear and positive. Both witnesses expressed familiarity with REA trucks and described the color and markings of the truck which dropped the box. Although the operations manager testified that REA had no stake-bodied truck, it was a question for the jury to decide. It is well settled that this court will not substitute its findings for those of the jury when the latter has some basis in fact.

Secondly, appellant contends that the deceased was guilty of contributory negligence as a matter of law in striking the rear of the bus. This question was answered in the negative in Ben's Seltzer, Inc. v. Markey, 254 So.2d 377 (Fla.App.1971). In Ben's Seltzer, Inc., the court held that there was sufficient evidence of negligence to go to the jury even in light of the presumption that in rear-end automobile collision cases the driver of the following car is presumed contributorily negligent. The facts in that case are very similar to the case at bar. There appellant-defendant had stopped his truck in a lane of traffic on a bridge in order that he could pick up crates which had dropped onto the road. Likewise, in the instant case the bus was stopped improperly in an unexpected location, which was sufficient to overcome the presumption and raise a jury question as to negligence. The issue was squarely before the jury and it was within their prerogative to find decedent free from fault based on the evidence. The evidence adduced in the case at bar was that the decedent had applied his brakes and attempted to avoid the accident. On this showing the jury could have found and obviously did find that the plaintiff's decedent was not guilty of contributory negligence.

Thirdly, appellant contends that the stopping of the bus in the center lane of the expressway was an independent intervening cause of the accident as a matter of law. The rule as set forth in Loftin v. McCrainie, 47 So.2d 298 (Fla.1950), is that an intervening cause is only efficient if it is independent of and not set in motion by the original wrongful act. In the case sub judice, the bus driver would not have stopped in the middle of the expressway except for the negligence originating with the appellant. The wrongful falling of the box from the REA truck was the act which set in motion the ensuing events. The issue again was properly submitted to the jury. The rule in effect in this jurisdiction is stated in 23 Fla.Jur., Negligence, §§ 38, 39 as follows:

'The general rule is that whoever acts negligently is answerable for all the consequences that may ensue in the ordinary course of events, even though such consequences are immediately and directly brought about by an intervening cause, if that intervening cause was set in motion by the original wrongdoer.

'The rule that the causal connection between a person's negligence and an injury is broken by the intervention of a new, independent, and efficient intervening cause so that the negligence is not actionable is subject to the qualification that if an intervening cause was foreseen or reasonably might have been foreseen by the wrongdoer, his negligence may be considered the proximate cause of an injury, and he may be held liable, notwithstanding the intervening cause. That is, the intervention of independent intervening causes does not break causal connection, if the intervention of such forces was itself probable or foreseeable.'

Applying the above principles to the evidence adduced in the instant case, it is apparent that the jury found that the appellant's failure to properly guard against cargo falling from its truck was causally connected with the consequences immediately and directly flowing from such failure. The jury also found that the stopping of the bus was a foreseeable consequence of the falling box. In essence, the jury found that appellant owed a duty to the road-using public to guard against objects falling from its trucks on the streets because such objects could foreseeably cause injury when other users of the road either ran into or attempted to...