Rekemeyer v. State Farm Ins.

• Citation: 828 N.E.2d 970,796 N.Y.S.2d 13,4 N.Y.3d 468
• Parties: CYNTHIA A. REKEMEYER, Appellant, v. STATE FARM MUTUAL AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE COMPANY, Respondent.
• Decision Date: 05 April 2005
• Court: New York Court of Appeals Court of Appeals

4 N.Y.3d 468

828 N.E.2d 970

796 N.Y.S.2d 13

CYNTHIA A. REKEMEYER, Appellant, v. STATE FARM MUTUAL AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE COMPANY, Respondent.

Court of Appeals of the State of New York.

Argued February 9, 2005.

Decided April 5, 2005.

Brennan, Rehfuss & Liguori, P.C., Albany (Joseph M. Brennan of counsel), for appellant.

Goldberg Segalla LLP, Buffalo (Daniel W. Gerber, Thomas F. Segalla and Matthew S. Lerner of counsel), for respondent.

Hiscock & Barclay, LLP, Albany (Mark W. Blanchfield of counsel), for New York Insurance Association, Inc., amicus curiae.

Rivkin Radler LLP, Uniondale (Evan H. Krinick and Alan C. Eagle of counsel), and Wiley Rein & Fielding LLP, Washington, D.C. (Laura A. Foggan and John C. Yang of counsel), for Complex Insurance Claims Litigation Association, amicus curiae.

Judges CIPARICK, ROSENBLATT, GRAFFEO, READ and R.S. SMITH concur; Chief Judge KAYE taking no part.

OPINION OF THE COURT

G.B. SMITH, J.

This is a declaratory judgment action in which plaintiff seeks a declaration that she is entitled to payment under the supplementary uninsured/underinsured motorists (SUM) provision of her insurance contract. The insurance carrier disclaimed on the ground that written notice of the SUM claim was not given as soon as practicable and that a copy of the summons and complaint in plaintiff's legal action was not immediately given to it. On the facts of this case, we hold that the carrier must show prejudice before it may disclaim coverage due to plaintiff's late notice of SUM claim.

On May 8, 1998, plaintiff, Cynthia Rekemeyer, was rear-ended while driving her car. Shortly after the accident occurred, Rekemeyer notified State Farm of the occurrence and made a claim for no-fault benefits. At the time of the accident, plaintiff had been unable to work for 18 years due to an existing back problem. Throughout 1998, plaintiff received medical care from a number of doctors for accident related injuries. In December 1998 and again in February 2000, at the request of State Farm, plaintiff was evaluated by a doctor of State Farm's choice concerning accident related injuries.

On April 27, 1999, plaintiff filed suit against the driver of the other car, Sherwood Bouyea. By letter dated July 21, 1999, plaintiff notified State Farm of the lawsuit. In a bill of particulars dated July 1999, plaintiff alleged that she had suffered "severe and permanent injuries to her left arm and cervical spine." In September 1999, plaintiff learned that Bouyea's maximum liability coverage was $50,000. Plaintiff's demand was for $1 million.

In October 1999, plaintiff underwent surgery on her back for injuries she alleges she sustained as a result of the car accident. On March 12, 2000, Bouyea's attorney offered $45,000 to settle the claim. On March 31, 2000, plaintiff notified State Farm that she would pursue SUM coverage under her own policy. On April 10, 2000, Bouyea's attorney made a settlement offer of $50,000. On April 25, 2000, State Farm disclaimed coverage based upon plaintiff's failure to notify it of the SUM claim as soon as practicable and because of failure to notify it immediately of the lawsuit.

In October 2000, plaintiff brought this declaratory judgment action against State Farm. State Farm answered the complaint. It then filed a motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint for failure to comply with the insurance contract provision requiring notice of the SUM claim as soon as practicable. On June 19, 2003, Supreme Court denied defendant's motion to dismiss, and, citing Matter of Metropolitan Prop. & Cas. Ins. Co. v Mancuso (93 NY2d 487 [1999]),

granted plaintiff's motion for a declaratory judgment for SUM coverage. Supreme Court stated:

"On the facts of this case, it cannot be concluded that plaintiff did not give notice of her SUM claim as soon as practicable as a matter of law. The slowly evolving nature of plaintiff's injuries, her pre-existing injury and daily pain, intervening surgeries and the bona fide questions as to severity and causation of the new injury, along with the tortfeasor's defenses on the issue of liability can reasonably be said to have prevented knowledge that the tortfeasor was underinsured until at or about such time as a settlement offer near or at the limit of his policy was tendered. It was at that point that plaintiff promptly notified defendant of her SUM claim. Thus, defendant's motion must be denied and plaintiff's cross motion will be granted."

On May 20, 2004, Appellate Division reversed and determined:

"[P]laintiff knew or reasonably should have known that Bouyea's insurance was insufficient to provide full compensation for her injuries and yet she inexplicably waited six months before providing notice to defendant of her intent to make a claim for supplemental coverage. We find such notice to have been untimely and, thus, Supreme Court erred in granting her cross motion for summary judgment." (7 AD3d 955, 957 [2004].)

On September 21, 2004, this Court granted plaintiff leave to appeal.

Initially, plaintiff argues that she submitted her notice of SUM claim to State Farm as soon as practicable and did not breach the insurance contract. We have held that in the SUM context, the phrase "as soon as practicable" means that "the insured must give notice with reasonable promptness after the insured knew or should reasonably have known that the tortfeasor was underinsured" (Matter of Metropolitan Prop. & Cas. Ins. Co. v Mancuso, 93 NY2d at 495

). The requirement that the insured give notice as soon as practicable "contemplates elasticity and a case-by-case inquiry as to whether the timeliness of the notice was reasonable, taking all of the circumstances into account" (see id. at 494; see also Mighty Midgets v Centennial Ins. Co., 47 NY2d 12, 19 [1979]).

We agree with the Appellate Division that plaintiff did not submit her notice of SUM claim as soon as practicable. Although plaintiff had disabling injuries prior to the accident that may have interfered with her assessment of the extent of new injuries, she stated in her bill of particulars in the underlying personal injury action—drafted eight months before plaintiff notified defendant of her claim for SUM coverage—that she had suffered serious and permanent injuries as a result of the accident. The record thus belies any claim that she was unaware that her injuries were serious. Moreover, Bouyea informed plaintiff in September 1999 that he was insured for only $50,000. Accordingly, the Appellate Division appropriately concluded that plaintiff's notice of her SUM claim in March 2000—approximately six months later—was untimely.

Plaintiff also urges this Court to relax its application of the no-prejudice rule in SUM cases where the carrier has been timely put on notice of the accident. This argument is persuasive. The rule in New York has been for years that an insured's failure to provide timely notice of an accident relieves the carrier of its obligation to perform regardless of whether it can demonstrate prejudice (see Security Mut. Ins. Co. of N.Y. v Acker-Fitzsimons Corp., 31 NY2d 436, 442-443 [1972]

). This rule is known as the no-prejudice rule. Although this rule has sometimes been characterized as the "traditional rule," it is actually a limited exception to two established contract principles: "(1) that ordinarily one seeking to escape the obligation to perform under a contract must demonstrate a material breach or prejudice; and (2) that a contractual duty [requiring strict compliance] ordinarily will not be construed as a condition precedent absent clear language showing that the...