Relph v. Board of Ed. of Depue Unit School Dist. No. 103 of Bureau County, s. 53655

• Decision Date: 31 March 1981
• Docket Number: Nos. 53655,53657,s. 53655
• Citation: 50 Ill.Dec. 830,84 Ill.2d 436,420 N.E.2d 147
• Parties: , 50 Ill.Dec. 830 Norma RELPH, Appellee, v. The BOARD OF EDUCATION OF DEPUE UNIT SCHOOL DISTRICT NO. 103 OF BUREAU COUNTY, Appellant. Robert B. HAGOPIAN et al., Appellees, v. The BOARD OF EDUCATION OF TAMPICO COMMUNITY UNIT SCHOOL DISTRICT NO. 4 OF WHITESIDE AND BUREAU COUNTIES, Appellant.
• Court: Illinois Supreme Court

Page 147

420 N.E.2d 147

84 Ill.2d 436, 50 Ill.Dec. 830

Norma RELPH, Appellee, v. The BOARD OF EDUCATION OF DEPUE UNIT SCHOOL DISTRICT NO. 103

OF BUREAU COUNTY, Appellant.

Robert B. HAGOPIAN et al., Appellees, v. The BOARD OF EDUCATION OF TAMPICO COMMUNITY UNIT SCHOOL

DISTRICT NO. 4 OF WHITESIDE AND BUREAU COUNTIES, Appellant.

Nos. 53655, 53657.

Supreme Court of Illinois.

March 31, 1981.

Drach, Terrell & Deffenbaugh, P. C., Springfield, for appellants.

Robbins, Schwartz, Nicholas, Lifton & Taylor, Ltd., Chicago (Allen D. Schwartz and S. Bennet Rodick, Chicago, of counsel), for appellees.

RYAN, Justice:

The original petitioners in these consolidated cases, Norma Relph, Robert B. Hagopian, and Mary E. Foley, were tenured teachers who were dismissed because of the economic conditions of their respective school districts. Section 24-12 of the School Code (Ill.Rev.Stat.1977, ch. 122, par. 24-12) provides that in such cases the board of education shall first remove nontenured teachers before removing a teacher who has attained tenured status and "who is legally qualified to hold a position currently held by a teacher who has not entered upon contractual continued services." The petitioners filed mandamus actions in their respective circuit courts, seeking to compel reinstatement by their boards of education, contending that they were legally qualified to hold positions then being held by nontenured teachers. The circuit courts entered summary judgments in favor of the respondents and the teachers appealed. In the first appeals in these cases, the appellate court affirmed the judgment in favor of the school board as to Hagopian (who is no longer in this case) but reversed and remanded to the circuit court as to Mary Foley in Hagopian v. Board of Education (1978), 56 Ill.App.3d 940, 14 Ill.Dec. 711, 372 N.E.2d 990. The court reversed and remanded as to Norma Relph in Relph v. Board of Education (1977), 51 Ill.App.3d 1036, 9 Ill.Dec. 614, 366 N.E.2d 1125.

Because both Mary Foley and Norma Relph possessed the appropriate teacher's certificate the appellate court held that they were legally qualified. In Relph, the appellate court held that compliance with a regulation entitled "Circular Series A, Number 160" (now the State Board of Education Document No. 1) issued by the Illinois Office of Education was not required when determining whether a teacher is "legally qualified" within the meaning of section 24-12 of the School Code. (51 Ill.App.3d 1036, 1041, 9 Ill.Dec. 614, 366 N.E.2d 1125.) The regulation sets out addition educational requirements for teaching particular subjects beyond the appropriate teacher's certificate as required by sections 21-1 and 21-5 of the School Code (Ill.Rev.Stat.1977, ch. 122, pars. 21-1, 21-5). In both Relph and Hagopian, the cases were remanded to the trial courts with directions. Subsequent to remand, this court decided Lenard v. Board of Education (1979), 74 Ill.2d 260, 24 Ill.Dec. 163, 384 N.E.2d 1321. In Lenard, this court held that the provisions of Circular Series A, No. 160, were incorporated by reference into the term "legally qualified" in section 24-12 of the School Code. 74 Ill.2d 260, 268-69, 24 Ill.Dec. 163, 384 N.E.2d 1321.

Norma Relph's case had been remanded to the circuit court of Bureau County with directions to enter judgment in favor of the petitioner consistent with the views expressed in the opinion. (51 Ill.App.3d 1036, 1042, 9 Ill.Dec. 614, 366 N.E.2d 1125.) On remand, Norma Relph, who had obtained employment elsewhere since her dismissal, sought damages for respondent's failure to reinstate her. The board of education, relying upon our holding in Lenard, filed a motion asking the trial court to redetermine Norma Relph's qualifications in light of Lenard. The trial court felt bound by the previous holding in the appellate court and entered judgment for damages in favor of Norma Relph and ordered that she be reinstated. The board of education appealed.

In Hagopian v. Board of Education, Mary Foley's case had been remanded to the circuit court of Whiteside County with directions that the writ of mandamus should issue and that she should be reinstated as a tenured teacher. (56 Ill.App.3d 940, 949, 14 Ill.Dec. 711, 372 N.E.2d 990.) The board of education had reinstated Mary Foley as a teacher after the appellate court's decision was announced, and it appears that the trial court, on remand, did not issue a writ of mandamus. Mary Foley, as the sole remaining petitioner in that case, sought damages in the circuit court. However, since the mandate of the appellate court did not mention the award of damages, the trial court felt it had no authority to award them and denied Mary Foley's prayer. In this case Mary Foley, the teacher, appealed.

In each case, on the second appeal to the appellate court, the board of education insisted that our opinion of Lenard should control and that the appellate court should reverse its previous holdings. The appellate court, however, held in each case, with one justice dissenting, that its prior opinions were res judicata between the parties on the issue of the teachers' qualifications and could not be reexamined despite the Lenard decision. (Hagopian v. Board of Education (1980), 83 Ill.App.3d 1097, 39 Ill.Dec. 308, 404 N.E.2d 899; Relph v. Board of Education (1980), 83 Ill.App.3d 1139, 39 Ill.Dec. 331, 404 N.E.2d 922). We granted leave to appeal pursuant to Rule 315(a) (73 Ill.2d R. 315(a)) and consolidated the cases in this court.

The appellate court, in each case, based its holding that the prior decisions in those cases were res judicata upon the premise that those appeals had resulted in a final and conclusive order on the issue of petitioners' qualifications. There is no doubt that the parties had had a full and fair opportunity to litigate the issue of whether petitioners were "legally qualified" prior to this court's decision in Lenard. That fact, however, does not satisfy the finality requirement of the doctrine of res judicata.

The judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction, although it may be erroneous, is binding upon the parties until reversed and cannot be collaterally attacked. (People ex rel. First National Bank v. Russel (1918), 283 Ill. 520, 523, 119 N.E. 617.) However, before the judgment can stand as a bar to subsequent actions, under the doctrine of res judicata the first action must result in a final judgment on the merits. (People ex rel. Scott v. Chicago Park District (1976), 66 Ill.2d 65, 69, 4 Ill.Dec. 660, 360 N.E.2d 773; People v. Kidd (1947), 398 Ill. 405, 408-09, 75 N.E.2d 851.) A judgment is final if it determines the litigation on the merits so that if affirmed the only thing remaining is to proceed with the execution on the judgment. Village of Niles v. Szczesny (1958), 13 Ill.2d 45, 48, 147 N.E.2d 371.

The opinions of the appellate court acknowledge that on remand it was incumbent upon the trial courts to have further proceedings. In fact, the mandates directed further proceedings. However, it is now argued in this court that the remands were with specific directions and were not general in nature. Therefore, it is contended, the adjudication by the appellate court was final. We do not agree. On remand it was incumbent upon the trial courts to enter judgments. Although the courts may have been limited to the entry of judgments that conformed to the mandates of the appellate court, the judgments were nonetheless appealable. Section 6, Article VI, of our constitution provides: "Appeals from final judgments of a circuit court are a matter of right * * *." (Ill.Const.1970, Art. VI, sec. 6.) The need for an appeal, even though a judgment can be entered only in conformance with the mandate, is apparent from Mary Foley's case, where the trial court refused to award damages because it felt it had no authority to do so under the mandate. The appellate court, on appeal from this denial, held that it was within the scope of its original mandate to award damages. (Hagopian v. Board of Education (1980), 83 Ill.App.3d 1097, 1101-02, 39 Ill.Dec. 308, 404 N.E.2d 899.) The issues in both cases therefore had not been finally adjudicated when the mandates of the appellate court issued. The cases, even after the entry of the judgments in the trial court, were still subject to the appellate process.

Even if the appellate court were bound by the law of the case it had announced in the first appeals, that limitation would not apply to this court. Although this court denied petitions for leave to appeal in both of the previous appeals of these cases, such action has no precedential effect and in no way amounts to a consideration of the merits of the cases. Nor does it indicate approval of the appellate court's action. (People v. Vance (1979), 76 Ill.2d 171, 183, 28 Ill.Dec. 508, 390 N.E.2d 867.) Therefore, this is the first time these cases have been before us on the merits. Our review may cover all matters properly raised and passed on in the course of litigation. (Weiland Tool & Manufacturing Co. v. Whitney (1969), 44 Ill.2d 105, 113-14, 251 N.E.2d 242.) In Vendo Co. v. Stoner (1974), 58 Ill.2d 289, 306, 321 N.E.2d 1, this court held that the law of the case is not applicable to this court in reviewing the judgment of the appellate court.

The judgments of the appellate court were not final judgements in the sense that they did not terminate the litigation but remanded the cases to the trial courts with directions that judgments be entered, which judgments, in turn, would be appealable to the appellate court under our constitution. The appellate court's decisions, in turn, would then be subject to review by this court through petitions for leave to appeal. (73 Ill.2d R. 315(a).) Since the judgments in these cases were still subject to the appellate...